Induced nitrate attenuation by glucose in groundwater: Flow-through experiment

Bioelectrochemical element conversion reactions towards generation of energy and value-added chemicals

Results of a laboratory experiment used for quantifying the dissolution characteristics of a trichloroethene dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source entrapped in a three-dimensional saturated sand tank model are presented. A numerical framework was developed to model the experimental results. In the numerical model, the transient NAPL dissolution processes were described using a modified version of a published dissolution model; the resulting transport equations were solved by the RT3D code. The modeling framework has been shown to be capable of simulating the observed results. Further, the modeling analysis identified three critical model parameters. A detailed sensitivity analysis was completed to study the effects of uncertainties associated with the model parameters. The integrated NAPL coupled contaminant transport model described in this work is a useful tool for forecasting the behavior of ground water plumes evolving from entrapped DNAPL sources.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of DNAPL Dissolution Processes in a Laboratory Aquifer Model

Past mining and processing of uranium ore at a former uranium mining site near Monument Valley, AZ has resulted in nitrate contamination of groundwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of ethanol addition for enhancing the reduction of nitrate in groundwater. The results of two pilot-scale field tests showed that the concentration of nitrate decreased, while the concentration of nitrous oxide (a product of denitrification) increased. In addition, changes in aqueous concentrations of sulfate, iron, and manganese indicated that the ethanol amendment caused a change in prevailing redox conditions. The results of compound-specific stable isotope analysis for nitrate–nitrogen indicated that the nitrate concentration reductions were biologically mediated. Denitrification rate coefficients estimated for the pilot tests were approximately 50 times larger than resident-condition (non-enhanced) values obtained from prior characterization studies conducted at the site. The nitrate concentrations in the injection zone have remained at levels three orders of magnitude below the initial values for many months, indicating that the ethanol amendments had a long-term impact on the local subsurface environment.

Ethanol Addition for Enhancing Denitrification at the Uranium Mill Tailing Site in Monument Valley, AZ

This study presents a comparison of denitrification rates and denitrification stoichiometry when using different sources of carbon. Denitrification tests were carried out in test bottles containing water and soil samples acquired at a nitrate-contaminated site and supplemented with either sucrose, acetate or ethanol. The tests demonstrated nitrate removal in all carbon source supplemented bottles. The rate of denitrification and the required amount of a carbon source, however, depended on the choice of substrate. Ethanol and acetate were found to provide the highest denitrification rate, that of 1.4 - 1.6 mg-N l-1 d-1. Sucrose-supplemented bottles demonstrated a significantly slower denitrification rate, that of 0.6 - 0.9 mg-N l-1 d-1. In addition to slow denitrification rates, sucrose-supported denitrification required more carbon source.

Comparison of different carbon sources for ground water denitrification.

Extensive characterization of a nitrate-contaminated site at a Canadian airport revealed that natural attenuation of the plume was limited due to aerobic conditions. However, nitrate removal rates as high as 1.4 mg-N/(L/day) were observed in batch tests carried out under denitrifying conditions with an added carbon source. On the basis of these results, a field denitrification pilot test using a setup of vertical withdrawal and injection wells was carried out. Ethanol was used as a carbon source to stimulate the growth and activity of indigenous denitrifying bacterial populations. Denitrification rates of up to 1.2 mg-N/(L/day) were achieved during the test. The test confirmed the feasibility of the technology, which uses the indigenous bacterial populations for denitrification and transforms the aquifer into a subsurface bioreactor.

Ethanol‐Stimulated Bioremediation of Nitrate‐Contaminated Ground Water

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Ethanol‐Stimulated Bioremediation of Nitrate‐Contaminated Ground Water