Leaf roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis Hampson) is a serious pest of mulberry (Morus alba L.), which is the sole food for silkworm – Bombyx mori L. It attacks the tender leaves of the host causing considerable damage which alters the leaf quality. An attempt was made to know the changes in the biochemical components (free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, starch and total phenols) and photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll – a, chlorophyll – b, chlorophyll – a/b ratio and carotenoids) in six popular indigenous mulberry varieties (M5, MR2, Mysore local, S36, S54 and V1) under infestation by leaf – roller pest. The results revealed that the biochemical components were reduced in almost all the varieties chosen. Though, there was no reduction in free amino acids in S36; total soluble proteins in V1; total reducing sugars in MR2; total soluble sugars in S36 and S54; starch contents in Mysore local and S54; total phenols in MR2. The MR2 variety showed no alteration in the free amino acids. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll – a, and chlorophyll – b were reduced drastically in all the varieties. The chlorophyll – a/b ratio was lowered in Mysore local, S36 and S54. However, it was increased in M5 and MR2 and V1 due to pest injury. Except Mysore local, the remaining varieties showed reduction in the carotenoid content. The alterations in biochemical components of mulberry foliage will adversely influence the health, growth and development of silkworm. This inturn results in the production of low quality silk.

	 

	Key words: Biochemical components, leaf roller, Mulberry, photosynthetic pigments.

https://hwww.academicjournals.org/article/article1380205199_Mahadeva and Nagaveni.pdf

Alterations in the biochemical components and photosynthetic pigments of mulberry (Morus Spp.) attacked by leaf - roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis) pest

Microsporidiosis is an important disease of silkworm caused by pathogenic microbes belonging to Phylum microsporidia. Various workers have isolated a number of microsporidia from silkworm. Recently, a new microsporidian was isolated from the silkworm by the authors of the present study. The microsporidian spores were studied for their morphology, pathogenicity and the transmission. These characters of the new microsporidian were compared with that of Nosema bombycis spores, a standard strain causing Pebrine disease in silkworm. The purified spores isolated from the silkworm were ovo-cylindrical in shape and measured 4.03 ± 0.24 μm in length and 2.30 ± 0.14 μm in width with 1: 0.57 length width ratio. In contrast, the spores of Nosema bombycis were oval in shape and were 3.80 ± 0.01μm in length, 2.60 ± 0.01μm in width and 1: 0.68 length width ratio. At the inoculation doses of 1 ×103 and 1×104 spore/ml, the infection rate in the moths was found to be 3.00 and 8.67 % with new microsporidian and N. bombycis respectively. At subsequent high inoculation doses 29.00 to 63.00 % infection at moth stage was recorded. The microsporidian has resulted in low larval and pupal mortality but remarkably high infection percentage in moth stage at 1×105 and 1×106 spore/ml inoculation doses. Studies also indicated that infection by the new microsporidian in mother moth did not impact the larval health and cocoon parameters in the next generation. In case of Nosema bombycis, cocoon parameters were significantly affected as the inoculum dose increased from 1 ×103 to 1 ×106 spores/ml. The larvae hatched from the eggs laid by Nosema bombycis infected moths (20 and above spores/field) did not survive up to cocooning. The results have been discussed in light of the studies carried out.

/pdf/impact-of-a-new-microsporidian-infection-on-larval-and-2jxrh9u4ph.pdf

Impact of a new microsporidian infection on larval and cocoon parameters of the silkworm, bombyx mori l.

In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained. The survey was carried out at the three locations viz. Mulberry farms of College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund and two mulberry farms of Sericulture Development Department, J&K located at Mirgund and Tulsibagh, Srinagar. The plantation is ravaged by different pests and diseases and as many as 11 major and 10 minor insect pests have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir (Sharma and Tara, 1985; Khan et al., 2004). Under temperate conditions, G. pyloalis (Walker) causes severe damage to mulberry crop and is considered as a major pest of mulberry in Jammu and Kashmir (Fotadar et al., 1998). Zeya et al. (2003) reported 20-25 percent damage to mulberry foliage in Kashmir is due to G. Pyloalis during July to October. The survey study showed high infestation of G. Pyloalis during the month of October, 2017 and 2018. The maximum infestation of 73.03% was observed at SDD Tulsi Bagh followed by 45.20% at SDD Mirgund and 32.99% at CoTS Farm. During the study various stages of G. Pyloalis were found infected with the Microsporidian and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus whereas Fungal and bacterial pathogens were not observed during the present study. The mean incidence of Microsporidian and NPV was observed as 4.22% and 5.99% percent respectively during October, 2017. In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. Pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained so that management strategies are taken accordingly.

/pdf/studies-on-mulberry-pest-glyphodes-pyloalis-walker-as-an-59chdvk4t3.pdf

Studies on mulberry pest (glyphodes pyloalis walker) as an alternate host to the pathogens of silkworm (bombyx mori l.) diseases

Studies on the morphology, infectivity and transmission of five different microsporidia in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., isolated from insect pests of mulberry and some other agricultural crops.

In the present study, different insect pests of mulberry and other agricultural crops were collected from mulberry gardens and agricultural crop fields in and around Mysore, Karnataka, India. The collected insects were screened for microsporidian infection and microsporidian spores were isolated from infected specimens, purified and tentatively designated as NIK- 1Pr, NIK- 1Cc, NIK- 1Cpy, NIK- 1So and NIK- 1Dp. The serological affinity test carried out through monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, showed negative reaction of these microsporidia which indicated that these are niether Nosema bombycis nor Lbms.

	Key words:  Agricultural crops, mulberry, pests, microsporidia, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1382012272_Bashir et al.pdf

Screening of different insect pests of mulberry and other agricultural crops for microsporidian infection

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Studies on the morphology, infectivity and transmission of five different microsporidia in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., isolated from insect pests of mulberry and some other agricultural crops.

Screening of different insect pests of mulberry and other agricultural crops for microsporidian infection