In this paper, a metal-backed loop antenna (MBLA) at high frequency (HF) is characterized and applied to a radio-frequency identification (RFID) smart-shelf system. The antenna is investigated in terms of impedance matching, resonant frequency, magnetic-field intensity/field distribution, quality factor, and detection range. The study shows that the magnetic-field distribution of the metal-backed loop antenna can be effectively controlled by changing the size as well as the separation of the backing metal plate. As a result, the detection range of an RFID system using such an antenna can be controlled. Such a feature offers great promise for the metal-backed loop antenna in applications for RFID smart-shelf systems. For such systems, controlling the coupling zone of the antennas is vital for constraining the interference between the antennas in adjacent tiers of the shelves, in order to achieve high system-detection accuracy. In addition, using a metal-backed loop antenna provides more flexibility for RFID smart-shelf-system design and implementation, so that the system is more cost effective.

Characteristics of a Metal-Backed Loop Antenna and its Application to a High-Frequency RFID Smart Shelf

A hybrid procedure to study the characteristics of the circular loop antenna (CLA) placed coaxially relative to a conducting body of revolution (CBOR) is presented. The procedure uses the well known theory for the thin wire CLA analysis that is based on Fourier series expansion, with the analysis based on numerical computation of Green's functions for bodies of revolution. The procedure is general and can be applied to study the characteristics of CLA placed coaxially relative to any CBOR. The input admittance computed using this procedure for loop/sphere case is in good agreement with published results.

Radiation from a Circular Loop Antenna Placed Coaxially Relative to a Conducting Body of Revolution

The problem of electromagnetic coupling between objects has been extensively studied within the context of continuous-wave (CW) signals. The problem of coupling between objects for transient excitation has not received as much attention. This paper addresses the problem of transient coupling using the singularity expansion method (SEM). Specifically, the proper physical interpretation of the SEM modes of a system of objects is discussed within the context of observed transient surface currents and scattered fields. It is seen that the SEM modes of the system of objects are global quantities and hence have no clear physical interpretation prior to times when global modes can be established. It is also apparent that the early-time response of the system can be expressed using the SEM modes of the individual objects for some time periods. These observations are important for the effective use of target identification schemes based on natural resonance phenomena in multiple target situations as well as the proper use of SEM in EMC coupling analyses. >

Transient coupling analysis using the singularity expansion method

The performance of the circular loop antenna (CLA) largely improves in terms of impedance matching and directive gain when a body of revolution (BOR)-type of reflector is placed symmetrically relative to the loop. The input impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, directivity, and radiation patterns of a loop antenna for cases of a reflector-hemisphere and a reflector-cone are investigated in this letter. It is found that for a resonant loop, directivity over 9 dB and VSWR less than 2 over a bandwidth of 48.5 MHz can be obtained. The study also shows that the characteristics of the CLA depend mainly on the height of the loop over the reflector and the total surface area of the reflector-body irrespective of the body shape.

Characteristics of a Circular Loop Antenna in the Presence of a Coaxial Conducting BOR Attached to a Planar Reflector

The following question is examined: can image theory be used to provide reasonably accurate results for electrostatic problems involving finite conducting structures? The moment method is used in this investigation to determine the surface charge distribution induced on a finite conducting plane by a point charge above the plane. The size of the plane and position of the charge are arbitrary. Results are compared with those obtained from image theory for various point charge positions. These results can provide guidelines regarding when it is appropriate to use image theory to obtain reasonably accurate results for electrostatic problems involving finite conducting structures.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/5417/14645/00667737.pdf

Using image theory for finite electrostatic problems-some observations and guidelines

A thin-wire circular loop antenna located above a perfectly conducting square plate is analyzed by a physical optics (PO) method. The electric field integral equation (EFIE) is solved using the method of moments to compute the current on the loop in the presence of an infinite ground plane whereby the edge effects of the plate on the loop current are neglected. The current distribution on the loop is obtained from a full-wave Fourier series analysis which requires no matrix inversion. We then use physical optics to compute the current induced on the plate in terms of the incident magnetic-field intensity. Our aim is to compare the PO solution with results obtained from a mixed wire-patch MOM code and explore its accuracy as a function of plate size and loop height. The benefits are considerable reduction in analytical and computational efforts and much less CPU time. >

Effect of a finite ground plane on radiated emissions from a circular loop antenna

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Effect of a finite ground plane on radiated emissions from a circular loop antenna