Autonomous Unmanned Military Vehicles (AUMVs) became part of numerous military combat operations to meet the challenges of modern warfare techniques and strategies. Hence, there is a need to develop an ad hoc network among AUMVs to perform the military tasks collectively within a war field where infrastructure installation is not possible. Therefore, in this paper a novel AUMVs protocol is proposed to develop a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) among unmanned Military Vehicles (MVs). The proposed protocol performs cluster based multicast communication among AUMVs by considering real time and dynamic war field scenario. The AUMVs protocol develops stable clusters and becomes adaptable according to the military environment by using a proposed Priority Based Cluster Head Election Scheme (PCHE) during cluster formation which reduces the network overhead and delay. Additionally, the AUMVs protocol achieves high throughput by combining the multicast approach with a cluster based scheme. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed protocol has achieved the goal of stable and efficient communication among unmanned MVs.

A cluster based multicast routing protocol for Autonomous Unmanned Military Vehicles (AUMVs) communication in VANET

Unmanned military vehicles (UMVs) and autonomous robots became part of modern warfare strategy to perform military combat missions and dangerous war field operations. The military vehicles (MVs) need to communicate with each other to achieve several required military tasks collectively. It has been achieved by proposing an autonomous military vehicles routing (AMVR) protocol to develop a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) among all military manned and unmanned vehicles to meet the challenges of modern warfare. AMVR protocol performs multicast communication among unmanned and manned military vehicles in combination to develop strong coordination among them. The proposed protocol performs the message dissemination among MVs in two tier structure i.e. T 1 and T 2 which reduces the network overhead by distributing it among the two tiers. The UMVs are grouped in to T 1 because these vehicles have the capability to arrange them at front autonomously with uniform distance by sharing speed and direction which avoids the occurrence of network fragmentation also. Hence, the UMVs maintain the stable radio links of VANET within dynamic environment of war field. The event detection messages (EDMs) are disseminated from unmanned vehicles to manned military vehicles (MMVs) of T 2 . The proposed protocol performs multicast communication to achieve high throughput and efficient dissemination of EDMs among all or specific group of military vehicles. The store and carry approach is adopted to inform incoming MVs about the current situation of war field. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed protocol has achieved the goal of EDMs dissemination among all UMVs and MMVs efficiently despite of dynamic battlefield environment.

AMVR: A multicast routing protocol for autonomous military vehicles communication in VANET

The Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) are developed to perform the rescue operations independently for providing safety to human lives such as in mines detection and clearance operations. The performance of these AGVs has been enhanced in our previous work by implementing the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) among these vehicles. In this piece of research, the Autonomous Aerial and Ground Vehicles (AAGVs) routing protocol has been proposed, in which the aerial vehicles are introduced to overcome the limitations of AGVs communication for disseminating the Mines Detection Messages (MDMs). Additionally, the cluster based scheme is designed in such a way that the AAGVs protocol can adapt itself in real time without affecting its performance by maintaining stable Inter-Vehicular Communication (IVC) links. The simulation of the proposed protocol in Network Simulator illustrates that the delay and overhead have been reduced. On the other hand, the packet delivery ratio and throughput have been increased by adopting the multicast communication approach.

AAGV: A Cluster Based Multicast Routing Protocol for Autonomous Aerial and Ground Vehicles Communication in VANET

Sistema di intercomunicazione.

Project Oculus, an ongoing research platform for deploying airborne sensors on a C-130 aircraft, is currently in its pre-flight testing phase. The sensor platform is divided into two systems that rest on standard 463L pallets; a sensor deployment pallet and an operator station. The sensor pallet consists of a deployment arm and a pod, which can contain various sensors. The operator station houses power control equipment, data acquisition, and operators who control the sensors. 

Oculus is designed to fly on a C-130 aircraft, which has very high internal audible noise. Although Oculus' operator station contains noise-deadening material, a headset intercommunication system needs to be designed. This system must comply with different headset standards, communicate with the C-130 intercom, and be expandable to accommodate various audio sources like radios and satellites receivers. 

Throughout the years, intercom systems and headsets have evolved from the original standard consisting of an impedance rating of a speaker and a microphone. Early intercom systems were highly limited in functionality and quality due to simple electronics and common grounding. Advances in electronics allowed for the evolution of headset standards and intercom equipment, which permitted a multitude of new configurations and improved sound quality. With these advances, multiple headset standards and intercom interfaces have become popular among the military and civilian aviation. 

Due to the different standards for headsets, impedance matching plays a major role in the design of an intercom system. Oculus is a multi-mission platform and therefore must be designed to support a variety of standards including civilian and military headsets. This paper outlines the intercom units and parts considered for use in Oculus, and a design criteria for an extendable intercom system for Oculus.

Aircraft voice intercommunications system design for Project Oculus

Northrop Grumman's cordless communication system (CCS) is a personal and inter/intra-vehicle cordless communication system demonstrated to enhance the mission performance, effectiveness, situational awareness, safety and capability of today's combat vehicle crewman. The CCS provides the soldier and vehicle crew with a full duplex, LPI/LPD, digital voice & data link capable of communicating over short ranges thus reducing the bandwidth demands on the wide area tactical radio net(s). The system is comprised of a vehicle mounted universal adapter interface which provides the wireless interface to a wired vehicle intercom and/or directly the wide area tactical radios, and a light weight body mounted personal communications unit for each soldier. Using a patent pending proprietary protocol and system architecture, the system provides a pico-cellular virtual wireless intercom that is capable of self configuring between; a local platform repeater mode, autonomous mode when a dismounted squad is outside the range of the vehicle, and a group mode to wirelessly conference multiple vehicle platforms in close proximity. This system has entered limited low rate initial production of demonstrator systems to further evaluate the military operational utility.

A practical personal and inter-vehicle cordless communication system for today's mounted and dismounted combat vehicle crewman

The Northrop Grumman cordless communications system (CCS) is a state-of-the-art, wireless communications system targeted for tomorrow's armored battlefield. Through a single, hand-held or body-mounted personal communications unit (PCU), the CCS provides the soldier with access to a digital, full-duplex wireless intercom, as well as the capability to simultaneously communicate over a point-to-point digital data link. In addition, through the use of a single universal adapter interface (UAI), the soldier can remotely access the existing analog or digital wired vehicle intercom and the attached wide area tactical radios. Moreover, using a novel protocol and system architecture, the CCS is able to reconfigure itself automatically and seamlessly into various centralized and distributed network configurations as the operational scenario changes. At the core of the CCS is a 20 MIPS, fixed-point digital signal processor, which implements the protocol, control and signal processing algorithms required to achieve robust personal and inter-vehicle communications.

A personal and inter-vehicle cordless communications system

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A practical personal and inter-vehicle cordless communication system for today's mounted and dismounted combat vehicle crewman

A personal and inter-vehicle cordless communications system