Performance prediction of 20 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic plant at Trieste (Italy) using artificial neural network

Photovoltaic system is widely installed to increase the share of renewable energy as well as to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel based energy. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most potential renewable energy based power generation systems. Monitoring of PV system is very important to send information that allows owners to maintain, operate and control these systems to reduce maintenance costs and to avoid unwanted electric power disruptions. Different monitoring systems have been introduced with the time following different requirements. Circuit complexity, availability of friendly graphical user interface, easy to understand system architecture, maintenance facility and customization ability for end user differ from system to system along with cost issues. This paper provides an overview of architectures and features of various PV monitoring systems based on different methods. There are various technologies for PV monitoring and control, developed as for commercial use or research tasks. It has been seen that a large portion of the work is done on classifications, for example, Internet based Monitoring using Servers, TCP/IP, GPRS and so forth. There are various methodologies for data acquisition, for example, PLC (Power Line Communication), PIC, Reference cell, National Instruments etc. Various requirements are considered while selecting a proper monitoring system for an application. Review of various monitoring technologies with system attributes and working structures have been discussed to get a clear view of merits and demerits of existing PV monitoring systems. All the systems discussed in this paper have pros and cons, and these systems were developed following different requirements. In the end, a particular cost effective monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller has been proposed considering both research and user level requirements from perspectives of cost, availability of parts/modules and features, compatibility with sensors and end-devices etc.

Global modern monitoring systems for PV based power generation: A review

This paper presents the design of a low-cost data acquisition system for monitoring a photovoltaic system's electrical quantities, battery temperatures, and state of charge of the battery. The electrical quantities are the voltages and currents of the solar panels, the battery, and the system loads. The system uses an Atmega328p microcontroller to acquire data from the photovoltaic system's charge controller. It also records individual load information using current sensing resistors along with a voltage amplification circuit and an analog to digital converter. The system is used in conjunction with a wall power data acquisition system for the recording of regional power outages. Both data acquisition systems record data in micro SD cards. The data has been successfully acquired from both systems and has been used to monitor the status of the PV system and the local power grid. As more data is gathered it can be used for the maintenance and improvement of the photovoltaic system through analysis of the photovoltaic system's parameters and usage statistics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/93/1/012048/pdf

Low-cost data acquisition systems for photovoltaic system monitoring and usage statistics

The growing integration needs in the electrical systems are increasingly demanding more control also on the distribution network. This can be satisfied by introducing advanced control on the small and medium distribution grid sites and, in general, introducing electronic devices for voltage and power-flow control. All these concepts are commonly summarized with the Smart Grid term and putting the emphasis on system management through the Micro Grid paradigm. In this context the distribution network of a university campus, with one connection point to the distribution network, can be an interesting test bed. In this paper the status and the evolution of the Trieste University Campus distribution network is presented, showing also the adopted technical solutions.

Real-time monitoring and control system for Trieste University Campus electrical distribution grid

The continuous growing in environment requirements combined with the proximity of ports to city centers make it necessary to take actions in favor of the site decarbonization. Therefore the electrical distribution grid of port needs to be analyzed and renewed for reducing the CO2 equivalent mass produced. This goal can be reached by using an integrated monitor systems in order to impose a desired power-flow and proper voltages on the different grid nodes. Not only the possibility of supervising the grid but also some notable functionalities are enabled by these innovative systems: for example cold ironing hubs, electrical vehicle recharge hubs, optimization of power generation and storage functionality. In this paper, the Port of Trieste is taken as case of study and possible evolution scenarios will be presented using a mathematical model of the medium voltage power system. Particularly, an innovative real-time hierarchical monitor system architecture will be discussed, while a patched Linux PC will be presented as possible monitor device implementation.

Evolution of the Trieste Port: a real-time system for a coordinated cold ironing

This work presents the design and development of an innovative system aimed at detecting, recording and transmitting electrical and climate data from a PV field. Data are to be taken both from the PV modules and from the power conditioning system of a given PV field, through appropriate sensors, to monitor: climate data (irradiance, temperature), electrical quantities (voltage, current, power), performance of the PV generator as a function of climate parameters, performance of the power conditioning system over different working conditions. The system will exchange data through a communication network (i.e. Ethernet/TCP-IP) to download data, visualize quantities and operative states. The proposed system is designed to be integrated into any PV field, independently from the plant layout, the inverter type, the presence of preexisting data loggers, sensors, etc. Such a result is achieved using an open architecture, which assures an extremely high flexibility of utilization.

Monitoring applications of electrical and climate data for PV systems using Linux RTAI

RTAI extension to Linux operating system makes it possible to perform Hard Real-Time (HRT) controls using a commercial PC and utilizing open-source code. This paper details a software installation process, along with the suitable hardware chosen for realizing motion controls using Linux-RTAI. Advantages offered by the possibility of designing and developing motion controls using the powerful tools of high level object-languages (i.e. Simulink) are described. It is proven that the combination of Simulink as a development environment and Linux-RTAI PC as a controller platform brings advantages that can be greatly appreciated in industrial motion control applications, such as: very reduced time for development, diagnostics, design of controls; adequate control performance; cost reductions offered by the open-source status of the operating system.

Industrial motion control applications using linux RTAI

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Monitoring applications of electrical and climate data for PV systems using Linux RTAI

Industrial motion control applications using linux RTAI