The new and revised reporting guidelines of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium published in this issue of the JOURNAL are the result of a great deal of thoughtful effort on the part of many people. During its deliberations the Committee took advantage of the knowledge and experience of Academy members, Committee members, audiologists, and colleagues around the world. The guidelines for hearing conservation in acoustic neuroma and for Meniere's disease were developed initially in the Subcommittees on Hearing and on Equilibrium, respectively. These personal comments are intended to expand upon and further explain the guidelines in order to encourage their implementation. The Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium set several goals: • To promote the use of scientific principles and clinical data in this area of otolaryngology; • To provide a set of standard guidelines that would facilitate the comparison of results between studies; and • To be consistent with existing Academy guidelines. In working toward these goals, the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium worked to clarify and simplify as much as possible, to avoid being overly comprehensive or complex, and to offer flexibility in application. The intent of these guidelines was not to be exclusive or coercive but to encourage investigation by creating opportunities for new studies.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/S0194-5998%2895%2970100-1

New and Revised Reporting Guidelines from the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium

In this study of visual phonetic speech perception without accompanying auditory speech stimuli, adults with normal hearing (NH;n=96) and with severely to profoundly impaired hearing (IH;n=72) identified consonant-vowel (CV) nonsense syllables and words in isolation and in sentences. The measures of phonetic perception were the proportion of phonemes correct and the proportion of transmitted feature information for CVs, the proportion of phonemes correct for words, and the proportion of phonemes correct and the amount of phoneme substitution entropy for sentences. The results demonstrated greater sensitivity to phonetic information in the IH group. Transmitted feature information was related to isolated word scores for the IH group, but not for the NH group. Phoneme errors in sentences were more systematic in the IH than in the NH group. Individual differences in phonetic perception for CVs were more highly associated with word and sentence performance for the IH than for the NH group. The results suggest that the necessity to perceive speech without hearing can be associated with enhanced visual phonetic perception in some individuals.

/pdf/speech-perception-without-hearing-3ksy8ndacl.pdf

Speech perception without hearing.

Neuroplastic changes in auditory cortex as a result of lifelong perceptual experience were investigated. Adults with early-onset deafness and long-term hearing aid experience were hypothesized to have undergone auditory cortex plasticity due to somatosensory stimulation. Vibrations were presented on the hand of deaf and normal-hearing participants during functional MRI. Vibration stimuli were derived from speech or were a fixed frequency. Higher, more widespread activity was observed within auditory cortical regions of the deaf participants for both stimulus types. Life-long somatosensory stimulation due to hearing aid use could explain the greater activity observed with deaf participants.

/pdf/vibrotactile-activation-of-the-auditory-cortices-in-deaf-tvlbyeucvm.pdf

Vibrotactile activation of the auditory cortices in deaf versus hearing adults.

This paper describes an audiologic test battery for hearing-impaired children which includes otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, speech perception testing, and hearing aid ev...

Audiologic Evaluation of Deaf Children

CHILDHOOD DEAFNESS CAN have serious and far-reaching effects on development but, with appropriate intervention, these effects can be reduced (see, for example, Boothroyd. 1988; Davis & Silverman, 1978; Ling & Ling, 1978). One component of modern intervention is effective use of the auditory capacity possessed by most deaf children. With modern hearing aids and suitable training, this “residual hearing” can play a significant role, and often the primary role, in the development of receptive and expressive spoken language skills and language competence (see, for example, Bess, Freeman, & Sinclair, 198 1 ; Ling & Milne, 198 1 : Ross & Giolas, 1978). There have always been deaf children, however, who have little or no residual hearing. Even with the most powerful hearing aids they perceive only gross variations of speech amplitude over time, and for many, this perception is mediated not by the sense of hearing, but by the sense of touch (Boothroyd & Cawkwell, 1970; Erber, 1978, 1979; Nober, 1967). These children account for, perhaps, 5 to 10% of the population with hearing losses of sufficient severity to prevent the spontaneous acquisition of spoken language skills. They typically have better-ear, three-frequency, average thresholds in excess of 110 dB. With the advent of cochlear implants it has become possible to provide many such children with useful auditory capacity. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the practical implications of this development. Five questions will be addressed: 1. What exactly are the auditory capacities of implanted children? 2. How much greater are these capacities than could reasonably have been expected from hearing aids? 3. Based on our experience with less severely deaf children, how much difference should the improvement of auditory capacity, after implanta4.

Practical implications of cochlear implants in children

Research into vibrotactile sensations at the ear is complicated by the problem of distinguishing them from auditory sensations. Normal hearing subjects may have difficulty in dissociating the two s...

Vibrotactile thresholds in pure tone audiometry.

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Vibrotactile thresholds in pure tone audiometry.