Marine organisms are potentially prolific sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that might represent useful leads in the development of new pharmaceutical agents. Algae can be classified into two main groups; first one is the microalgae, which includes blue green algae, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyta (diatoms)… etc., and second one is macroalgae (seaweeds) which includes green, brown and red algae. The microalgae phyla have been recognized to provide chemical and pharmacological novelty and diversity. Moreover, microalgae are considered as the actual producers of some highly bioactive compounds found in marine resources. Red algae are considered as the most important source of many biologically active metabolites in comparison to other algal classes. Seaweeds are used for great number of application by man. The principal use of seaweeds as a source of human food and as a source of gums (phycocollides). Phycocolloides like agar agar, alginic acid and carrageenan are primarily constituents of brown and red algal cell walls and are widely used in industry.

Biological importance of marine algae.

Natural Science Foundation of China [30530080]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007AA09Z403]; Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province [2006GG2205023]

http://ir.yic.ac.cn/bitstream/133337/9046/1/Halogenated%20Organic%20Molecules%20of%20Rhodomelaceae%20Origin-Chemistry%20and%20Biology.pdf

Halogenated Organic Molecules of Rhodomelaceae Origin: Chemistry and Biology

The marine environment is a seemingly inexhaustible treasury of organisms whose secondary metabolites bear witness to the lavishness and inventiveness with which nature is able to manipulate molecular architecture. But to what purpose are these diverse and often grotesque compounds produced? This review is founded on the premise that some of them may be involved in the uptake and transport of metal ions present in the aquatic milieu. Many metabolites produced by terrestrial organisms are known to act as ionophores, but the case for similar behavior by their marine counterparts is far hazier. Notwithstanding the relative abundance of certain metal ions in the oceans, and of metabolite structures possessing features that should facilitate the chelation of metal ions, few attempts to establish a connection between these two phenomena have been reported. We have whittled down the voluminous literature of natural products derived from marine sources to expose a core of observations and speculations germane to our premise. These facts and fantasies are evaluated in this review. A mere handful of metal-containing complexes has actually been isolated; furthermore, attempts to prepare such complexes in vitro are rare, and spectroscopic evidence for metal–metabolite interactions, whether in vivo or in vitro, is not common. Only with the vanadium-sequestering tunichromes does a logical (but by no means complete) picture begin to emerge. In several other cases, the plausibility of metal chelation, though mooted by authors, remains unsupported by experimental evidence. However, continuing efforts to obtain structural, and particularly conformational, information on the metabolites by means of X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular mechanics calculations would seem to provide the key to a rational approach to this neglected topic. On the basis of recent studies dealing with such structural aspects, we present a selection of candidate compounds, some of which are the targets of our own synthetic attentions, whose potential for binding to metal cations merits further research.

Marine Metabolites and Metal Ion Chelation: The Facts and the Fantasies

Polyacetylenes of marine origin: chemistry and bioactivity.

Venustatriol. A new, anti-viral, triterpene tetracyclic ether from Laurencia venusta

Thyrsiferol: a squalene-derived metabolite of

The isolation and structural elucidation of a pair of new vinyl acetylenic chloro diols (2a) and (2b)is presented.

A new vinyl acetylene from the red alga Laurencia thyrsifera

The organic extract of Plocamium cruciferum gave a complex mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (26%), the tribromotrichloroalkene (12),(7%), n-heptadecane (0.4%), phytol(12%) and the unusual hydroxy bisnor-monoterpene (15) (43%). The absolute stereochemistry of the polyhalogenated alkene (12) was established by X-ray crystallography.

Halogenated Metabolites of the Red Alga Plocamium cruciferum

One of the naturally occurring acarnidines , N-(5-guanidinopentyl)-N-[3-(3-methylbut-2-enamido) propyl ] dodecanamide, together with 17 analogues containing different alkyl chain lengths in the triamine structure and the acyl side chain, have been synthesized by a versatile general method whose key features are formation of the secondary amine by reductive amination of an aldehyde and incorporation of the guanidine function in the last step. This general method affords high yields of selectively substituted unsymmetric triamines.

Synthesis of Acarnidines: Guanidinated Spermidine Homologs Through Imine Intermediates

A novel, C8 dichlorodienol metabolite of the red alga

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