During the last decade, biodegradable metallic stents have been developed and investigated as alternatives for the currently-used permanent cardiovascular stents. Degradable metallic materials could potentially replace corrosion-resistant metals currently used for stent application as it has been shown that the role of stenting is temporary and limited to a period of 6–12 months after implantation during which arterial remodeling and healing occur. Although corrosion is generally considered as a failure in metallurgy, the corrodibility of certain metals can be an advantage for their application as degradable implants. The candidate materials for such application should have mechanical properties ideally close to those of 316L stainless steel which is the gold standard material for stent application in order to provide mechanical support to diseased arteries. Non-toxicity of the metal itself and its degradation products is another requirement as the material is absorbed by blood and cells. Based on the mentioned requirements, iron-based and magnesium-based alloys have been the investigated candidates for biodegradable stents. This article reviews the recent developments in the design and evaluation of metallic materials for biodegradable stents. It also introduces the new metallurgical processes which could be applied for the production of metallic biodegradable stents and their effect on the properties of the produced metals.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/12/7/4250/pdf

Biodegradable Metals for Cardiovascular Stent Application: Interests and New Opportunities

Biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic polymers and hydrolyzable metals, constitute the main components of temporary, implantable medical devices. Besides the intrinsic properties of the materials, the most critical factor determining the successful clinical outcome of implantable and degradable devices is the host response, particularly the immune response, which largely depends on the material features and degradation mechanisms. In this Review, we first survey the state of the art in terms of materials options for use in biodegradable medical devices, focusing on degradation mechanisms and their control. In particular, we highlight silk, which is emerging as an important polymer, owing to its mechanical robustness, bioactive component sequestration, degradability without problematic metabolic products and biocompatibility. We then discuss the host response to these biodegradable materials in terms of dynamic tissue–implant interfaces. Next, we examine the clinical translation of three leading biodegradable material systems — natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers and biodegradable metals — and the related challenges in the context of orthopaedic fixation devices, cardiovascular stents and biodegradable electronic devices. Looking to the future, we propose updated material design strategies to improve the clinical outcomes for these biodegradable medical devices. Clinical outcomes with implantable and degradable devices largely depend on host response. This Review surveys material options and degradation mechanisms relevant to host responses to biodegradable devices, examines clinical translation of leading biodegradable materials and proposes updated material-design strategies to improve device performance.

Design of biodegradable, implantable devices towards clinical translation

Reactive dissolution and its effects on electrical conduction, morphological change and chemical transformation in thin films of Mg, AZ31B Mg alloy, Zn, Fe, W, and Mo in de-ionized (DI) water and simulated body fluids (Hanks’ solution pH 5–8) are systematically studied, to assess the potential for use of these metals in water-soluble, that is, physically "transient", electronics. The results indicate that the electrical dissolution rates in thin films can be much different that traditionally reported corrosion rates in corresponding bulk materials. Silicon metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs) built with these metals demonstrate feasibility for use in transient electronics.

Dissolvable Metals for Transient Electronics

/pdf/progress-of-biodegradable-metals-4o1hnk2ant.pdf

Progress of biodegradable metals

Bone repair materials are rapidly becoming a hot topic in the field of biomedical materials due to being an important means of repairing human bony deficiencies and replacing hard tissue. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are potentially biocompatible, osteoconductive, and biodegradable metallic materials that can be used in bone repair due to their in situ degradation in the body, mechanical properties similar to those of bones, and ability to positively stimulate the formation of new bones. However, rapid degradation of these materials in physiological environments may lead to gas cavities, hemolysis, and osteolysis and thus, hinder their clinical orthopedic applications. This paper reviews recent work on the use of Mg alloy implants in bone repair. Research to date on alloy design, surface modification, and biological performance of Mg alloys is comprehensively summarized. Future challenges for and developments in biomedical Mg alloys for use in bone repair are also discussed.

/pdf/biodegradable-magnesium-alloys-developed-as-bone-repair-lqqspvpkbp.pdf

Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Developed as Bone Repair Materials: A Review

Bulk nanocrystalline pure iron rods were fabricated by the equal channel angular pressure (ECAP) technique up to eight passes. The microstructure and grain size distribution, natural immersion and electrochemical corrosion in simulated body fluid, cellular responses and hemocompatibility were investigated in this study. The results indicate that nanocrystalline pure iron after severe plastic deformation (SPD) would sustain durable span duration and exhibit much stronger corrosion resistance than that of the microcrystalline pure iron. The interaction of different cell lines reveals that the nanocrystalline pure iron stimulates better proliferation of fibroblast cells and preferable promotion of endothelialization, while inhibits effectively the viability of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The burst of red cells and adhesion of the platelets were also substantially suppressed on contact with the nanocrystalline pure iron in blood circulation. A clear size-dependent behavior from the grain nature deduced by the gradual refinement microstructures was given and well-behaved in vitro biocompatibility of nanocrystalline pure iron was concluded.

In vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron. Biomed Mater 5:065015

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

S. C. Wei

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

In vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron. Biomed Mater 5:065015