The proliferation of sensors as part of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm envisions a world of interconnected, interdependent deployments, involving one or multiple radio technologies. Multiradio mesh deployments facilitated using a network of low-cost IoT platforms, such as Raspberry Pis (RPis), ASUS Tinker Board S, Banana Pi M64, etc., seem an ideal fit as wireless backbones for such deployments, with many of these platforms having built-in support for multiple wireless technologies. However, the state-of-the-art routing solutions need to be revisited to suit the capabilities of low-power multiradio solutions, especially while performing best effort transmissions. This is because a majority of the existing routing solutions favor channel diversity while routing, ignoring the possible overheads associated with protocol conversions. We argue that in reality, these overheads can become quite significant in a multiradio network where the radios are quite different in terms of packet formats, sizes, data rates, etc. To prove this, we estimate the impact of these overheads using an experimental study performed across three popular IoT technologies—WiFi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee, using a real-time RPi-based testbed. We stress on how severe this impact could be, by estimating how often these conversions happen in a randomly chosen multihop path, using a probabilistic mathematical framework. Based on this, we develop Chorus, a first-of-its-kind routing algorithm, which estimates the least overhead path, inclusive of conversion overheads. Chorus achieves this by developing a comprehensive layered graph modeling of the given multiradio mesh network. The modeling is capable of handling all conversion overheads, including the factors associated with the possible fragmentation and aggregation. We implement Chorus in an indoor testbed comprising of RPis and demonstrate the performance improvement while routing across the network of RPis. Our results estimate that Chorus can provide an improvement close to 33% in battery usage per RPi with an average reduction of 25% in packet drops.

A Routing Framework With Protocol Conversions Across Multiradio IoT Platforms

The conception of internet of things (IoT) and current situation are introduced and the disadvantages of traditional environment on-line monitor systems are discussed. According to the demands of environment protection and management, a basic framework of the environment internet of things is presented. The structure of the environment IoT contains three layers, namely data collection and process layer, network layer and application layer. Different layers play different parts in the environment IoT. Further, the cloud computing application is mentioned. In general, IoT is feasible and has a favorable prospect in the environment protection field in future.

Application Study on Internet of Things in Environment Protection Field

This paper presents the approach for the design, implementation and testing of a low cost open technology flexible and scalable IoT Server Node. This node may be capable of supporting a variety of communication and protocol standards and it is also expandable in means of both storage requirements and processing power. The proposed IoT Server Node is based on a raspberry Pi board and additional communication boards. It is demonstrated with ZigBee IoT nodes based on Arduino board, controlled by an Android application.

A Flexible/Scalable IoT Server Node testbed, from Gateway to Edge Computing. A Smart Home Use Case

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A Flexible/Scalable IoT Server Node testbed, from Gateway to Edge Computing. A Smart Home Use Case