https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/107/2784/476.full.pdf

The path of carbon in photosynthesis.

1. Radioactive products in detached leaf segments were examined after periods of steady-state photosynthesis in 14CO2. 2. After exposure to 14CO2 for approx. 1sec. more than 93% of the fixed radioactivity was located in malate, aspartate and oxaloacetate. After longer periods large proportions of the radioactivity appeared in 3-phosphoglycerate, hexose monophosphates and sucrose. Similar results were obtained with leaves still attached to the plant. 3. Radioactivity appeared first in C-4 of the dicarboxylic acids and C-1 of 3-phosphoglycerate. The labelling pattern in hexoses was consistent with their formation from 3-phosphoglycerate. 4. The reaction giving rise to C4 dicarboxylic acid appears to be the only quantitatively significant carboxylation reaction. 5. Evidence is provided that the radioactivity incorporated into the C4 dicarboxylic acid pool is transferred to sugars via 3-phosphoglycerate. A scheme is proposed to account for these observations.

/pdf/photosynthesis-by-sugar-cane-leaves-a-new-carboxylation-gcquvkzj15.pdf

Photosynthesis by sugar-cane leaves. A new carboxylation reaction and the pathway of sugar formation

Introduction. 79 Control of Carbohydrate Movement from the Leaf 80 Leaf Position and Assimilate Distribution 82 The Role of Vascular Connections in the Pattern of Distribution 83 The Demand for Assimilates 84 Environment and Assimilate Distribution 88 Temperature .... 88 Light 89

The control and pattern of movement of carbohydrates in plants

As knowledge regarding the formation of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and other inorganic materials in green plants accumulates, it becomes increasingly apparent that it is difficult to distinguish which transformations of carbon compounds should be classified as part of the pathway of carbon in photosynthesis and which reactions should be considered as other metabolic processes of the plant. All reactions of a photoautotrophic plant rely ultimately on the energy stored by the photosynthetic process. Therefore, any definition of carbon reduction during photosynthesis based on requirement of energy or equivalents of reducing agents should specify the requirement precisely. Even so, it is questionable whether such a definition can distinguish between carbon reduction reactions of photosynthesis and other metabolic transformations of carbon compounds. It is now believed that energy-carrying compounds such as adenosine triphosphate and reducing agents such as reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide which are formed during respiratory processes may also be formed directly from products close to the primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis. Transformations of carbon compounds which require such substances and which take place in the dark may also occur at a greatly accelerated rate during photosynthesis. Furthermore, most, if not all, of the reactions of carbon reduction in photosynthesis are known to occur, although at a diminished rate, in the dark long after the immediate reducing and energy-carrying agents formed from the photochemical reaction have decayed.

/pdf/the-path-of-carbon-in-photosynthesis-5rh0blqsfl.pdf

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis

EinMtung Seitdem in den letzten 25 Jahren nach ]anger Vernachl~ssigung die Probleme der Assimilatfernleitung zu einem der Schwerpunkte der pflunzenphysiologischen Forschung geworden sind, steht die Fmge nach dem Mechanismus des Transportes eindeutig im Vordergrund des Interesses, derart, dab die Frage nach der Art des befSrderten 1YIaterials nut am Rande behandelt wurde. I)abei ist die Kenntnis der Stoffe, yon denen die gesamten Umsetzungen der nicht selbst zur Photosynthese bef~higten Gewebe der Pflanze ausgehen mfissen, yon grundlegender Wichtigkei~ ffir eine Analyse der Stoffwechselleistungen dieser Pfl~nzentei]e. Eine eingehendere Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung des Siebr6hreninhMtes scheint daher dringend erforderlich, zumal eine genauere Kenntnis der stofflichen und fermentativen Ausst~ttung der Leitgewebe auch der K]arung des Tr~nsportmech~nismus dienlich sein diirfte. Fiir die Leitung der KohleI~hydr~te haben Analysen dieser Art bereits wichtige Ergebnisse erzielt: WANNER (1953a, b) konnte u. a. zeigen, dag bei den yon ihm untersuchten Baumen der Rohrzucker die praktisch einzige Transportform der Kohlenhydrate darstellt (worauf auch schon altere Untersuchungen hinwiesen, s. u.), dal3 dieses Disaccharid wahrscheinlich aus Zuckerphosphaten nach deren Dephosphorylierung in den fermentativ entsprechend ausgest~t~eten Geleitzellen der Siebr6hren gebfldet wird und dag es in den SiebrShren selbst infolge des FeMens der abbauenden Fermente unangetastet bleibt. Eine Ftille yon Fragen blieb aber aueh jetzt noch fiir den Kohlenhydrattransport ungeklart, beziehungsweise ergab sich erst aus diesen Belunden, so z. B. : Ist der I~ohrzucker allgemein die bevorzugte Wanderform der Kohlenhydrate in den SiebrShren; wenn ja, warum hat er sieh allgemein durchgesegzt ? _&us welchen Bestandteflen und an welehen Orten wird die Saeeharose syn~hetisiert und wie gelangg sie in die

Untersuchungen Über die Leitung und Sekretion der Assimilate

Metabolism of soybean leaves. IV. Translocation from soybean leaves.

Metabolism of soybean leaves. III. The organic acids produced in short-time photosynthesis.

Metabolism of soybean leaves. V. The dark reactions following photosynthesis

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Metabolism of soybean leaves. IV. Translocation from soybean leaves.

Metabolism of soybean leaves. III. The organic acids produced in short-time photosynthesis.

Metabolism of soybean leaves. V. The dark reactions following photosynthesis