Attachment--and loss.

The reliability and validity of the Attachment Q Sort (AQS; Waters & Deane, 1985) was tested in a series of meta-analyses on 139 studies with 13,835 children. The observer AQS security score showed convergent validity with Strange Situation procedure (SSP) security (r = .31) and excellent predictive validity with sensitivity measures (r = .39). Its association with temperament was weaker (r = .16), which supports the discriminant validity of the observer AQS. Studies on the stability of the observer AQS are still relatively scarce but they have yielded promising results (mean r = .28; k = 4, n = 162). It is concluded that the observer AQS, but not the self-reported AQS, is a valid measure of attachment.

/pdf/assessing-attachment-security-with-the-attachment-q-sort-4333ounnqj.pdf

Assessing attachment security with the Attachment Q Sort: meta-analytic evidence for the validity of the observer AQS.

This study was aimed at investigating direct links between peer acceptance and parent-child interactions, and exploring whether subjective experience of the self-in-relation would function as a mediator. A central assumption was that better accepted children are more capable of autonomy-within-connectedness. Eighty kindergartners with a mean age of 60 months and their mothers and fathers (n = 74) participated in the study. The children were selected to be popular, average, or rejected by their peers. Subjective experience was assessed with a Doll Story Completion Task and Cassidy's Puppet Interview (Cassidy, 1988; Ver-schueren, Marcoen, & Schoefs, 1996), and the Pictorial Scales of Perceived Competence and Acceptance (Harter & Pike, 1984). Results showed that better accepted children and their mothers showed a higher balance of control behaviors and were more likely to be simultaneously en-gaged in play. They also tended to share more positive emotions. More control in the father-child interactions was related to lower peer acceptance. In addition, better ac-cepted girls and their fathers were more often dyadically engaged in play, and shared more fantasy play, than less well-accepted girls and fathers. Children who shared more positive emotions with their parents presented parent-child relation-ships as more positive and were more positive about themselves. Interestingly, more control with father was linked to a more negative sense of self for boys, but a more positive sense of self for girls. Because girls tend to be more directed toward con-nectedness from a young age, maybe it is more important to them to develop their autonomy, at kindergarten age. Control between fathers and sons may be more likely to become competitive, which may make boys feel less accepted. 
Children who represented parent-child relationships as more secure were better accepted by peers. The connections (especially with father-child security) were stronger for girls. Contrary to expectations, better accepted children were not more positive about themselves. Regression analyses showed that the representation of the mother-child relationship mediated the relation between shared positive emotions and peer acceptance. Controlling for security with mother, peer acceptance was no longer related with shared positive emotions. This study offers one of the first indica-tions that the meaning the child gives to relationships may be more important than specific behaviors by themselves. In the final chapter, findings are discussed and suggestions are made for further theory and research on parent-peer linkages.

/pdf/peer-acceptance-parent-child-fantasy-play-interactions-and-5dlvxrnjhz.pdf

Peer Acceptance, Parent-Child Fantasy Play Interactions, and Subjective Experience of the Self-in-Relation: A Study of 4- to 5-Year-Old Children

(1990). Working with Children and Adolescents in Groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 231-233.

Working with Children and Adolescents in Groups

A 2004 meta-analysis reported good validity for the observer attachment Q-sort (AQS), but poor validity for the parental self-report version Despite this, the self-report AQS is still widely used, with researchers arguing that providing additional training can improve its validity The aim of this study was to update the 2004 meta-analysis Two hundred forty-five studies from 1987 to 2016 were included (n = 32,426) Separate meta-analyses were conducted to examine validity and reliability The observer AQS showed moderate convergent validity with the Strange Situation Procedure (r = 25; r = 39 for long observation periods) and good predictive validity in terms of associations with sensitivity (r = 32) It showed a relatively weak association with infant temperament (r = 21), suggesting some discriminant validity The self-report version showed comparable convergent validity with Strange Situation Procedure (r = 18), but significantly weaker correlations with sensitivity (r = 25) and stronger correlations with temperament (r = 33) There was no evidence that providing additional training improved the validity of the self-report version This study corroborates the previous finding that the observer AQS is a valid measure of infant attachment, especially after long periods of observation The self-report version showed significantly weaker discriminant and predictive validity

Highlights
The aim of the study was to update the 2004 meta-analysis assessing the validity of the attachment Q-Sort (AQS)
This study broadly replicated the findings of the previous meta-analysis, showing that the observer AQS is a valid measure of attachment
Caution should be shown in using the self-report AQS due to its comparatively weaker predictive and discriminate validity

/pdf/reassessing-the-validity-of-the-attachment-q-sort-an-updated-16egtn8c7o.pdf

Reassessing the validity of the attachment Q‐sort: An updated meta‐analysis

Peer competence and its antecedents during the first five years of life: a longitudinal study

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Peer competence and its antecedents during the first five years of life: a longitudinal study