Summary Background Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. Methods Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation. Findings All nine patients had a caesarean section in their third trimester. Seven patients presented with a fever. Other symptoms, including cough (in four of nine patients), myalgia (in three), sore throat (in two), and malaise (in two), were also observed. Fetal distress was monitored in two cases. Five of nine patients had lymphopenia ( Interpretation The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant adult patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Funding Hubei Science and Technology Plan, Wuhan University Medical Development Plan.

Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records

Though dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) is one of the most common complaints from patients in dental clinics, there are no universally accepted guidelines for differential diagnosis as well as selection of reliable treatment modalities for this condition. The neurosensory mechanisms underlying DHS remain unclear, but fluid movements within exposed dentinal tubules, i.e., the hydrodynamic theory, has been a widely accepted explanation for DHS pain. As several dental conditions have symptoms that mimic DHS at different stages of their progression, diagnosis and treatment of DHS are often confusing, especially for inexperienced dental practitioners. In this paper we provide an up-to-date review on risk factors that play a role in the development and chronicity of DHS and summarize the current principles and strategies for differential diagnosis and management of DHS in dental practices. We will outline the etiology, predisposing factors and the underlying putative mechanisms of DHS, and provide principles and indications for its diagnosis and management. Though desensitization remains to be the first choice for DHS for many dental practitioners and most of desensitizing agents reduce the symptoms of DHS by occluding patent dentinal tubules, the long-term outcome of such treatment is uncertain. With improved understanding of the underlying nociceptive mechanisms of DHS, it is expected that promising novel therapies will emerge and provide more effective relief for patients with DHS.

/pdf/pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-management-of-dentin-44yhruavtr.pdf

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity: an evidence-based overview for dental practitioners.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050168411os1800301

The adult dental health survey 2009.

Dentine sensitivity: Past, present and future

An ancient dental gene set governs development and continuous regeneration of teeth in sharks.

An in situ study investigating dentine tubule occlusion of dentifrices following acid challenge

Introduction Despite overall improvements in oral health, the number of children admitted to hospital for extraction of teeth due to caries under general anaesthesia (GA) has been reported as increasing dramatically in England. The new UK government plans to transform NHS dentistry by improving oral health.Aim To evaluate the dental care received by children who required caries-related extractions under GA and obtain the views of their parents or guardians on their experiences of oral health services and the support they would like to improve their child's oral health, to inform future planning.Method An interview questionnaire was designed and piloted to collect data from a consecutive sample of 100 parents or guardians during their child's pre-operative assessment appointment. This took place at one London dental hospital between November 2009 and February 2010.Results Most children were either white (43%) or black British (41%); the average age was seven years (range 2-15, SD 3.1, SE 0.31) and the female:male ratio was 6:5. Most (84%) had experienced dental pain and 66% were referred by a general dental practitioner (GDP). A large proportion of parents or guardians (47%) reported previous dental treatment under GA in their children or child's sibling/s. Challenges discussed by parents in supporting their child's oral health included parenting skills, child behaviour, peer pressure, insufficient time, the dental system and no plans for continuing care for their child. Three out of four parents (74%) reported that they would like support for their child's oral health. Sixty percent of all parents supported school/nursery programmes and 55% supported an oral health programme during their pre-assessment clinic.Discussion These findings suggest that the oral health support received by high caries risk children is low. Health promotion programmes tailored to this cohort are necessary and our findings suggest that they would be welcomed by parents.

Why are children still having preventable extractions under general anaesthetic? A service evaluation of the views of parents of a high caries risk group of children.

The relationship between incisal/occlusal wear, dentine hypersensitivity and time after the last acid exposure in vivo

The Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) is a practical index for screening tooth wear, using a 4-point ordinal scale (0-3). The highest score is recorded in each sextant and a total score (or BEWE sextant cumulative) is calculated per subject. This study aims to investigate if the BEWE sextant cumulative score compares to one comprising a percentage score from all tooth surfaces and as a highest BEWE per subject. The aim is to assess the validity of this score. A total of 350 subjects were recruited from hospital and general practice in south-east England. Buccal, occlusal and lingual/palatal BEWE scores were collected and percentages calculated based on scores 1, 1 and above, 2 and above and 3. BEWE sextant cumulative scores and highest BEWE scores were also recorded per subject. Spearman's correlation coefficients (p values) assessed the relationship between BEWE sextant cumulative scores, BEWE percentages and BEWE highest score per subject. The BEWE sextant cumulative score correlates significantly to a BEWE score taken as a percentage score from all tooth surfaces (Spearman's r > 0.5, p 0.8, p 0.8, p < 0.001). BEWE sextant score provides a representation of tooth wear on all tooth surfaces. This study validates a tooth wear index, which provides clinicians with risk indicators of a patient's level of tooth wear and may help to guide clinical management.

Validation of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination.

Statement of problemIndirect restorations are an important treatment in dental practice, but long-term survival studies are lacking.PurposeThe purpose of this retrospective study was to report on the outcome of indirect restorations, which were followed up annually for up to 50 years in a dental practice.Material and methodsA retrospective survival study was undertaken at a mixed National Health Service (NHS)/private dental practice in London, UK. Data were collected for restorations placed between 1966 and 1996 by 1 experienced operator. It was a requirement that patients had been followed up annually with clinical and radiographic examinations for up to 50 years. Patients were enrolled on a strict preventive policy and had excellent oral hygiene. Oral hygiene, restoration location, sensitivity, occlusion, and other details (preparation design, taper, cement used) were recorded. Restoration outcome was recorded as successful and surviving, unknown, or failed. The data were described descriptively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and hazard curves were used to assess the survival of crowns and the probability of failure over time.ResultsA total of 223 restorations were placed in 47 patients between 1966 and 1996 and reviewed annually for up to 50 years (until 2016). These restorations included 154 metal-ceramic crowns (101 posterior and 53 anterior), 25 posterior gold crowns, 22 anterior ceramic veneers, and 22 anterior ceramic crowns. Restorations were in occlusion. The mean survival for metal-ceramic crowns was estimated as 47.53 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.59-49.47 years). Failures in metal-ceramic crowns (n=6, 3.9%) were due to periapical periodontitis. The remaining restoration types had 100% survival at 50 years.ConclusionsThis study showed that the survival of crowns and veneers is high over 50 years in clinical practice with annual follow-up and good oral hygiene. The proportion of teeth with loss of vitality, confirmed clinically and with radiographs, was minimal.

/pdf/an-up-to-50-year-follow-up-of-crown-and-veneer-survival-in-a-s03yxmr23j.pdf

An up to 50-year follow-up of crown and veneer survival in a dental practice

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