The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms.

The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences

Voluntary and Involuntary Imagination: Neurological Mechanisms, Developmental Path, Clinical Implications, and Evolutionary Trajectory

Even after his death, the famous amnesic H.M. is revolutionizing our understanding of how memory works and how we maintain it as we age

The Engine of Memory

Patient H.M. (Henry Moliason) suffered a wide range of cognitive deficits attributable to the damage to his hippocampal formation but not to his well-established deficits in the ability to recall newly encountered facts, events, names, and objects, which formed the basis for his early diagnosis as a “hippocampal amnesic.” Among Henry’s “non-memory” or cognitive deficits that this chapter reviews are his impaired ability to create new and grammatical sentence plans, to identify who-did-what-to-whom in novel sentences and to understand and read aloud novel sentences containing familiar words that he understood without difficulty in isolation, but not in novel sentence contexts such as metaphors. Also reviewed are his deficits in detecting novel forms concealed within complex visual arrays, in identifying anomalous objects in novel visual scenes, in detecting and describing what makes captioned cartoons funny, and in combining familiar concepts into new and useful ideas. The chapter concludes by relating Henry’s non-memory deficits to fundamental questions of this book, for example, What is the role of the hippocampal formation in human memory and cognition? And how does the hippocampal formation work? 

pdf/beyond-memory-in-h-m-the-worlds-most-famous-hippocampal-lw6zkgngsx.pdf

Beyond Memory in H.M., The World’s Most Famous “Hippocampal Amnesic”

Present findings indicate that hippocampal region (HR) damage impairs aspects of everyday language comprehension and production that require creativity ___ defined as the ability to form new internal representations that satisfy relevant constraints for being useful or valuable in the real world. In two studies, seventeen people participated in extensive face-to-face interviews: sixteen normal individuals and H.M., an amnesic with cerebellar and HR damage but virtually no neocortical damage. Study 1 demonstrated deficits in H.M.'s comprehension of creative but not routine aspects of the interviews ___ extending to the real world twelve prior demonstrations that H.M. understands routine but not novel aspects of experimentally constructed sentences, deficits that reflected his HR damage, but not his cerebellar damage, his explicit or declarative memory problems, inability to comprehend or recall the instructions, forgetting, poor visual acuity, motoric slowing, time pressure, deficits in visual scanning or attentional allocation, lack of motivation, and excessive memory load in the tasks. Study 2 demonstrated similar deficits in H.M.'s ability to produce creative but not routine aspects of conversational discourse, extending findings in five prior sentence production experiments to real-world creativity. We discuss conceptual frameworks for explaining relations between new-and-useful creativity and the HR.

Creativity, Comprehension, Conversation and the Hippocampal Region: New Data and Theory.

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Creativity, Comprehension, Conversation and the Hippocampal Region: New Data and Theory.