The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of p-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial. It is this renewed interest in ZnO which forms the basis of this review. As mentioned already, ZnO is not new to the semiconductor field, with studies of its lattice parameter dating back to 1935 by Bunn [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 47, 836 (1935)], studies of its vibrational properties with Raman scattering in 1966 by Damen et al. [Phys. Rev. 142, 570 (1966)], detailed optical studies in 1954 by Mollwo [Z. Angew. Phys. 6, 257 (1954)], and its growth by chemical-vapor transport in 1970 by Galli and Coker [Appl. Phys. ...

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-of-zno-materials-and-devices-21a3zjadem.pdf

A comprehensive review of zno materials and devices

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a metastable form of amorphous carbon with significant sp3 bonding. DLC is a semiconductor with a high mechanical hardness, chemical inertness, and optical transparency. This review will describe the deposition methods, deposition mechanisms, characterisation methods, electronic structure, gap states, defects, doping, luminescence, field emission, mechanical properties and some applications of DLCs. The films have widespread applications as protective coatings in areas, such as magnetic storage disks, optical windows and micro-electromechanical devices (MEMs).

/pdf/diamond-like-amorphous-carbon-3pczopr0z7.pdf

Diamond-like amorphous carbon

Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: Preparation, properties and applications.

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Titanium dioxide, TiO2, is an important photocatalytic material that exists as two main polymorphs, anatase and rutile. The presence of either or both of these phases impacts on the photocatalytic performance of the material. The present work reviews the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The synthesis and properties of anatase and rutile are examined, followed by a discussion of the thermodynamics of the phase transformation and the factors affecting its observation. A comprehensive analysis of the reported effects of dopants on the anatase to rutile phase transformation and the mechanisms by which these effects are brought about is presented in this review, yielding a plot of the cationic radius versus the valence characterised by a distinct boundary between inhibitors and promoters of the phase transformation. Further, the likely effects of dopant elements, including those for which experimental data are unavailable, on the phase transformation are deduced and presented on the basis of this analysis.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10853-010-5113-0.pdf

Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation

est advances in “Science?” Even the shortest reflection will convince you that if you include within “Science,” all its branches from A–Z, from astronomy to zoology, with chemistry, materials science and physics in between, then the major source of our information is the public media. Newspapers, magazines (including science magazines), the prestige broad range magazine-journals (Science, Nature, etc.), and to a lesser extent, TV, are the sources from which we learn about the broad area called “science.” At the other end, perhaps three to six journals in our own area of specialization probably provide the real core of most scientists’ exposure to advances in their own specialized knowledge, which they use as the matrix – the seedbed – within which their innovative ideas can sprout and grow. That is a pity. It is a major reason why scientists of a generation or more ago who read much more widely (partly because there was not so much to read) and hence could get more inter-, or even extra-, disciplinary ideas. Of course, we also get information about our own research areas at professional meetings, and some scientists are wise enough to use such meetings to create and strengthen their most important resource – the personal network. But these contacts (and the papers in core journals) are the only subsets of science in which we get our information direct from the generator of the information. All other information is filtered or mediated through some form of “interpreter” who is a layperson – journalist, editor – in the field. Moreover, as specialized conferences proliferate, and even within professional society meetings as the Divisional Structures wither, and “Topical Symposia” take over the program, a typical scientist can find herself immersed in a smaller and smaller bandwidth within the whole spectrum of science. The writer himself, while architecting the Materials Research Society in the early 1970’s, championed this strategy of the focused symposium. But the broadening balance in MRS was, in those early years, maintained by cross-symposium plenary sessions. In general, in all scientific meetings the inexorable drive of more and more specialization in sessions, is limiting the scientist from such plenary sessions, from direct access to new ideas outside his/her specialization. In the materials field, very, very few scientists even manage to keep up on advances across the main classes of materials, and hardly can they have time to learn about the major advances in physics, chemistry or biology, to say nothing about astronomy or zoology!! If the “term” scientist then implies knowing a modest amount about “science,” then all of us who assume that title, can stand accused of false advertising. What I, and 99+ percent of my colleagues, know about astronomy (or zoology) I get from the media. Don’t believe it? Assume that you are the only exception, but ask and find out how colleagues learned about the outrageous claim that there was “Life on Mars.” It was “announced” on a late night TV show, “Nightline,” by a scientist with few credentials in meteoritics, it was then amplified in every newspaper for weeks, and hence it entered your consciousness. Obviously what was intended to be conveyed to the public, and the U.S. Congress ready to appropriate NASA budgets, was that there had been a major “breakthrough” – a journalistic totem – in “science.” In fact, the consensus in the scientific community indicates the opposite. This paper had been published in Science (1) making a convoluted argument about the vague possibility that in a rock found in Antarctica, which may have come from Mars, some inorganic remnants may have been influenced to have been formed by what may have been a unicellular form of “life.” The publicity machine of Science, where the paper appeared, went to work, aided by NASA’s PR team, to make this minor piece of normal science a usable, policy-changing, money-generating “fact.” Interestingly, no journalist in the early phase pointed out than very experienced meteorite experts had come to exactly the opposite conclusion, before (2) and after (3) the Science paper. Note the title of the second paper. “NO LIFE R. Roy (✉ ) 102 Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA e-mail: rroy@psu.edu Mat Res Innovat (2001) 5:53–54 © Springer-Verlag 2001

How do scientists (and the public) get their ”information” about scientific advances?

The Myriad Structures of Liquid Water: Introduction to the Essential Materials Science

Basic research productivity.

The La2Zr2O7 phase was prepared from metal acetylacetonates by a sol—gel route without any intermediate phase formation. X-ray peaks appeared at a temperature as low as 500°C at the positions expected for La2Zr2O7, although they were broad. The crystal structure of La2Zr2O7 was found to be of the fluorite type below 900°C and of thepyrochlore type above 1000°C. The substitution of a small amount of Eu for La was carried out to investigate the crystal structure from the viewpoint of fluorescence, and these results confirmed the formation of fluorite type La2Zr2O7 below 900°C.

Preparation of La2Zr2O7 by Sol‐Gel Route.

engineering-what it is about and how it is perceived in society. He is critical (e.g., of the nation, the establishment, and many antiestablishment groups) but also self-critical-in a very balanced sort of way. For example, &dquo;Allaying Apprehensions&dquo; is a chapter with subheadings such as &dquo;False Prophecy of a Streamlined Future,&dquo; &dquo;Fear of a Homogenized World,&dquo; and so forth. It is followed by a chapter titled &dquo;Bright Aspects of Technology.&dquo; In this chapter, the first subheading is one that is far-too-often ignored as the biggest driver of technology, &dquo;The Quest for Comfort.&dquo; The book is

Book Review : The Introspective Engineer Samuel C. Florman. St. Martin's Press. 1996. ISBN: 0-312-13987-X.:

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Rustum Roy

Author Tools

Chat about Author