An antenna having at least one main element and a plurality of parasitic elements. At least some of the elements have coupling elements or devices associated with them, the coupling elements or devices being tunable to thereby control the degree of coupling between adjacent elements. Controlling the degree of coupling allows a lobe associated with the antenna to be steered.

Meta-element antenna and array

A switch arrangement comprises a plurality of MEMS switches arranged on a substrate about a central point, each MEMS switch being disposed on a common imaginary circle centered on the central point. Additionally, and each MEMS switch is preferably spaced equidistantly along the circumference of the imaginary circle. Connections are provided for connecting a RF port of each one of the MEMS switches with the central point.

Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same

Leaky wave antenna beam steering that is capable of steering in a backward direction, as well as further down toward the horizon in the forward direction than was previously possible, and also directly toward zenith. The disclosed antenna and method involve applying a non-uniform impedance function across a tunable impedance surface in order to obtain such leaky wave beam steering.

Steerable leaky wave antenna capable of both forward and backward radiation

A passive array of resonantly-dimensioned microstrip antenna radiator patches are closely spaced (i.e., less than one-tenth wavelength) above a ground plane and individually associated with transmission line segments terminated so as to cause the overall array to receive an incident r.f. electromagnetic field, to convert the received field into r.f. electrical currents which flow along the transmission lines and are absorbed by the terminations or reflected therefrom. In the latter case, the reflected r.f. energy is re-transmitted in a predetermined direction as a re-directed r.f. electromagnetic field. The presently preferred embodiment is a relatively thin, flexible and thus conformable layered structure formed by selectively etching conductive material from one side of a metallically cladded dielectric sheet. For satellite communication, a flat reflectarray may be associated with a primary r.f. transmitter/receiver structure disposed at a focal area or spot of the reflectarray having an appropriately phased aperture (e.g., parabolic). For radar cross-section enhancement or reduction, the reflectarray aperture is phased so as to retro-reflect incident r.f. fields or so as to scatter, otherwise misdirect or absorb (e.g., by using lossy resistive transmission line terminations) the incident r.f. field.

Microstrip reflect array for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction

A flexible antenna array comprises a plurality of layers of thin metal and a flexible insulating medium arranged as a sandwich of layers. Each layer of the sandwich is patterned as needed to define: (i) antenna segments patterned in one of the metal layers, (ii) an array of metallic top elements formed in a layer spaced from the the antenna segments, the array of metallic top elements being patterned in another metal layer, (iii) a metallic ground plane formed in a layer spaced from the array of metallic top elements, the metallic ground plane having been formed from still another metal layer, and (iv) inductive elements coupling each of the top elements in the array of metallic top elements with said ground plan. An array of remotely controlled switches are provided for coupling selected ones of said antenna segments together.

Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface

A compact, easy to manufacture quarter-wavelength microstrip element especially suited for use as a mobile radio antenna has performance which is equal to or better than conventional quarter wavelength whip-type mobile radio antennas. The antenna is not visible to a passerby observer when installed, since it is literally part of the vehicle. The microstrip radiating element is conformal to a passenger vehicle, and may, for example, be mounted under a plastic roof between the roof and the headliner.

Circular microstrip vehicular rf antenna

Near-isotropic low-profile microstrip radiator especially suited for use as a mobile vehicle antenna

A microstrip antenna radiator is disclosed which includes three edges spaced around its periphery defining three corresponding active slot areas wherein each slot has a different respectively corresponding resonant dimension associated therewith along a direction substantially transverse to the edge which defines the radiating slot. At least two dimensions of an essentially equilateral triangular shape are altered so as to provide the three different resonant dimensions for the radiator. Typically, at least two sides of such a triangular structure are altered such as by the formation of tab extensions or, alternatively, at least two apices of the basic triangular structure are truncated so as to produce different resonant dimensions in the radiator. Various combinations and permutations of such shape alterations may also be employed. Such a triangular microstrip radiator is especially adapted for elliptical or circular polarization and for utilization in arrays of such polarized elements wherein the triangular shape of each element permits a more nearly optimum spacing of the individual elements within one or more arrays.

Microstrip antenna structure

An antenna structure is provided having one or more spiral antenna arms extending outwardly from a lateral center axis. Each arm is defined by an antenna element disposed in a zig-zag configuration to provide reactive loading to the arm, wherein each arm receives or transmits radio frequency waves about a longitudinal center axis of the arm and the zig-zag element configuration. Thus, the antenna structure has a broader bandwidth than other antennas requiring the same amount of space. The antenna structure also has a substantially omni-directional radiation pattern and a low profile. Each antenna element can be metallisation disposed on a support structure or can be one or more cable conductors. A feed means is provided which can be connected to the elements proximate to the lateral center axis and positioned along or coincident with the longitudinal center axis of one arm or can be connected to one of the elements distal to the lateral center axis. In both methods of feeding the antenna arms, the antenna elements function as part of an infinite balun. In one application, the antenna structure is secured within the non-metallic roof structure of an automobile.

Broad band antenna structure

A multiple-layer microstrip assembly having an inter-layer connection for transitioning electrical signals between analogous surfaces of separate layers, comprising a plurality of layers, each having a top surface and a bottom surface; first top circuitry disposed on the first top surface of a first layer; first bottom circuitry disposed on the first bottom surface of the first layer; connecting means for electrically connecting the first top circuitry to the first bottom circuitry; second top circuitry disposed on the second top surface of a second layer; and binding means to hold the two layers together, wherein the first bottom circuitry is sufficiently adjacent and overlapping the second top circuitry to form an electrical connection therebetween, thereby forming a signal transition between the first top surface of the first layer and the second top surface of the second layer.

Multiple-layer microstrip assembly with inter-layer connections

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