Multi-Objective Optimization takes care of different objectives with the objectives keeping their own units. The internal mechanical solution of a Ratio System, producing dimensionless numbers, is preferred. The ratio system creates the opportunity to use a second approach: a Reference Point Theory, which uses the ratios of the ratio system. This overall theory is called MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis). The results are still more convincing if a Full Multiplicative Form is added forming MULTIMOORA. The control by three different approaches forms a guaranty for a solution being as non-subjective as possible. MULTIMOORA, tested after robustness, showed positive results.

Robustness of MULTIMOORA : a method for multi-objective optimization

Sustainable deployment of an electric vehicle public charging infrastructure network from a city business model perspective

Optimization of electric vehicle recharge schedule and routing problem with time windows and partial recharge: A comparative study for an urban logistics fleet

This paper proposed a novel Station-to-Point (S2P) Battery Swap Mode for Shared Electric Vehicles (SEVs), under which Battery Swap Stations (BSSs) have dedicated delivery vehicles transporting new/used batteries between BSSs and Battery Swapping Demand (BSD) points. We further developed a data-driven BSS location optimization model and day-to-day operation strategy, using a one-month GPS trajectory dataset containing 514 actual SEVs in Beijing. We set up 53 scenarios to test the model. In the baseline scenario, we found that the SEV fleet needed 15 BSSs, and each SEV, on average, needed 1.202 batteries and 0.031 delivery vehicles with the centralized management strategy applied. Through “what-if” scenarios, we found that the key parameters Q (the coverage rate of BSD points), R (the service radius of a BSS), and AADT (the acceptable average delay time) were influential to the outputs of interest.

Deploying battery swap stations for shared electric vehicles using trajectory data

A review of siting, sizing, optimal scheduling, and cost-benefit analysis for battery swapping stations

Study on location decision framework of electric vehicle battery swapping station: Using a hybrid MCDM method

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Study on location decision framework of electric vehicle battery swapping station: Using a hybrid MCDM method