Recently, the development of polydopamine (PDA) has demonstrated numerous excellent performances in free radical scavenging, UV shielding, photothermal conversion, and biocompatibility. These unique properties enable PDA to be widely used as efficient antibacterial materials for various applications. Accordingly, PDA antibacterial materials mainly include free-standing PDA materials and PDA-based composite materials. In this review, an overview of PDA antibacterial materials is provided to summarize these two types of antibacterial materials in detail, including the fabrication strategies and antibacterial mechanisms. The future development and challenges of PDA in this field are also presented. It is hoped that this review will provide an insight into the future development of antibacterial functional materials based on PDA.

Polydopamine antibacterial materials

Polyphenols, the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing organic molecules, are widely found in natural plants and have shown beneficial effects on human health. Recently, polyphenol-containing nanoparticles have attracted extensive research attention due to their antioxidation property, anticancer activity, and universal adherent affinity, and thus have shown great promise in the preparation, stabilization, and modification of multifunctional nanoassemblies for bioimaging, therapeutic delivery, and other biomedical applications. Additionally, the metal-polyphenol networks, formed by the coordination interactions between polyphenols and metal ions, have been used to prepare an important class of polyphenol-containing nanoparticles for surface modification, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease treatments. By focusing on the interactions between polyphenols and different materials (e.g., metal ions, inorganic materials, polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids), a comprehensive review on the synthesis and properties of the polyphenol-containing nanoparticles is provided. Moreover, the remarkable versatility of polyphenol-containing nanoparticles in different biomedical applications, including biodetection, multimodal bioimaging, protein and gene delivery, bone repair, antibiosis, and cancer theranostics is also demonstrated. Finally, the challenges faced by future research regarding the polyphenol-containing nanoparticles are discussed.

Polyphenol-Containing Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Therapeutic Delivery

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has gained rapidly increasing attentions in recent years, however, the translation of this biotechnology into therapy has been hindered by efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 materials into target cells. Direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) has emerged as a powerful and widespread method for genome editing due to its advantages of transient genome editing and reduced off-target effects. In this review, we summarized the current Cas9 RNP delivery systems including physical approaches and synthetic carriers. The mechanisms and beneficial roles of these strategies in intracellular Cas9 RNP delivery were reviewed. Examples in the development of stimuli-responsive and targeted carriers for RNP delivery are highlighted. Finally, the challenges of current Cas9 RNP delivery systems and perspectives in rational design of next generation materials for this promising field will be discussed.

Strategies in the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Polyphenols are a class of ubiquitous compounds distributed in nature, with fascinating inherent biocompatible, bioadhesive, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The unique polyphenolic structures based on catechol or pyrogallol moieties allow for strong non-covalent interactions (e.g., multiple hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and cation–π interactions) as well as covalent interactions (e.g., Michael addition/Schiff-base reaction, radical coupling reaction, and dynamic coordination interactions with boronate or metal ions). This review article provides an overview of the polyphenol-based scaffolds including the hydrogels, films, and nanofibers that have emerged from chemical and functional signatures during the past years. A full description of the structure–function relationships in terms of their utilization in wound healing, bone regeneration, and electroactive tissue engineering is also carefully discussed, which may pave the path towards the rational design and facile preparation of next-generation polyphenol scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Polyphenol scaffolds in tissue engineering

Fluoropolymers have unique physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity and lipophobicity, good chemical stability and bio-inertness, low surface energy and phase segregation. Owing to these properties, fluoropolymers have been widely used to prepare high performance materials. Especially, the use of fluoropolymers in biomedical applications has grown rapidly during the past decade. This critical review focuses on the recent advances of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, cytosolic protein delivery, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, photodynamic therapy, anti-fouling and anti-bacterial applications, and tissue engineering. The mechanisms and features of fluoropolymers in these specific applications are discussed. Besides, we have reviewed the methods to synthesize water-soluble fluoropolymers for the applications and explained their supramolecular assembly behaviors in solutions. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of fluoropolymers in biomedical applications are discussed.

Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

There is a continuing quest to rationally fabricate polymeric biomaterials with both high transfection efficiency and minimal toxicity for the emerging opportunities in small interfering RNA (siRNA...

https://www.chinesechemsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.31635/ccschem.020.201900084

Natural Polyphenol Inspired Polycatechols for Efficient siRNA Delivery

Single-strand oligonucleotides provide promising potential as new therapeutics towards various diseases. However, the efficient delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics is still challenging due to their susceptibility to nuclease degradation and the lack of effective carriers for condensation. In this study, we reported the use of natural polyphenol to facilitate the condensation of single-strand oligonucleotides by cationic polymers. Green tea catechin complexed with single-strand oligonucleotides to form anionic nanoparticles, which were further coated by low molecular weight cationic polymers to increase their cell internalization. The resulting core-shell structured nanoparticles, so-called green nanoparticles (GNPs), showed improved cargo stability, and achieved high efficiency in the delivery of several types of single-strand oligonucleotides including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miRNA, and DNAzyme. This study provides a facile strategy for the efficient delivery of single-strand oligonucleotides.

/pdf/natural-polyphenol-assisted-delivery-of-single-strand-36tv97a2xl.pdf

Natural polyphenol assisted delivery of single-strand oligonucleotides by cationic polymers

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Natural Polyphenol Inspired Polycatechols for Efficient siRNA Delivery

Natural polyphenol assisted delivery of single-strand oligonucleotides by cationic polymers