This study aims to perform a systematic review with research indicators on microgrids (MGs) and transactive energy (TE) to identify the evolution of scientific productions in this field and analyze the interactions involving the utility and prosumers in MGs. The research indicators proved that the interest in MGs is growing in numerous countries whose concern is to seek alternative energy generation with renewable energy sources (RES) to supply an increasing demand for energy production and reduce the impacts of atmospheric pollutants. Moreover, the insertion of blockchain technology in the energy market can provide significant advances in the commercialization of electric energy, enabling virtual transactions to be conducted in a decentralized and secure way, managing numerous smart contracts, and contributing reasonably to introducing prosumers in energy transactions in MGs. This systematic review enabled us to shed more light and direct the study methodology to answer the questions surrounding this research. The aspects found explore concepts similar to the characteristics of TE and MGs exposed in the review of indicators. It was possible to perceive that the research strategy was successfully employed and has considerable academic significance, especially in this theme. Additionally, a new approach to the topic was presented by analyzing the interactions of prosumers and utility. The sustainable aspect related to MGs communities is highlighted because of the self-supply of smart homes and the use of RES. • One of the first systematic reviews of transactive energy and microgrids. • Interactions of prosumers and utilities for analysis of microgrids. 

Transactive energy in microgrid communities: A systematic review

Review of data security within energy blockchain: A comprehensive analysis of storage, management, and utilization

Accurate power consumption assessment is of critical importance in the fast-evolving world of cloud and edge computing. These technologies enable rapid data processing and storage but they also require huge amounts of energy. This energy requirement directly impacts operational costs, as well as environmental responsibility. We are conducting research to develop a specialized cloud-edge power measurement and security model. This model delivers reliable power usage data from these systems while maintaining security for the data they process and store. A combination of simulation-based analysis and real-world experimentation helped us to deliver these results. Monte Carlo based simulations produced power usage predictions under various conditions and Load Testing validated their real-world performance. A Threat Modeling-based security study identified potential vulnerabilities and suggested protection protocols. A collaborative approach enhances power measurements accuracy and encourages secure operation of the combined cloud-edge systems. By fusing these metrics, a more efficient and secure operation of computing resources becomes possible. This research underscores the critical importance of developing advanced techniques for power metering and security in cloud-edge computing systems. Future research may focus on both expanding the model’s use to an array of larger, more complex networks, as well as the inclusion of AI driven predictive analytics to amplify accuracy of power management.

Construction and Research on Cloud-edge Collaborative Power Measurement and Security Model

Retracted: A Microgrid Security Defense Method Based on Cooperation in an Edge-Computing Environment

Multi-energy generation grids (MEGGs) provide a promising solution for reliable operations of cooperative various distributed energy resources (DERs), supply environmentally friendly energy to remote/off-grid areas, and improve overall system performance in terms of efficiency, reliability, flexibility, and resiliency. However, with the penetration of grids and the presence of various DERs with unpredictable renewables-based power generation and intermittent power loads, the operational coordination and supervision tasks become more complex. The communication-based optimal distributed control approach plays a significant role in MEGGs for coordinating an assembly of spatially and heterogeneous DERs, which improves reliability, efficiency, scalability, robustness, and privacy-preserving compared with traditional centralized-based controls. Therefore, this article aims to study different grid architectures and provide a comprehensive survey of optimal control and communication strategies/systems (CCS) in MEGG. A well-organized and systematic discussion related to the topic has been provided and elaborated on: 1) energy production and distribution with various grid architectures and distributed generating units (DGUs) integration for sustainable power generation, importance of unit sizing and technologies selection, and their implementations and operations; 2) classification on numerous control architectures and techniques, their prominent features and impact on MEGG stability; 3) multiple advanced intelligent control strategies and their essential aspects and merits; 4) different promising communication networks and technologies with optimal communication protocols and standards along with their computational mechanism and potential operational objectives in MEGGs; 5) communication strategies features and reliability issues concerning data volume, data availability, data accuracy, data security and authentication, time synchronization, and the growth of countermeasures; and 6) finally, key research gaps are highlighted and some recommendations are provided for future research works to efficiently handle the MEGG control, security, and communication network requirements.

Optimal Control and Communication Strategies in Multi-Energy Generation Grid

The efficient and secure data sharing mechanism can support the microgrid to achieve more accurate business control, while the current data processing methods have the problems of large computing overhead and low data sharing security. Aiming at the current problems, this paper proposes a microgrid data sharing method based on blockchain technology based on the processing mode of cloud-edge-terminal architecture. Firstly, the elliptic curve encryption algorithm is used on the edge side to encrypt the data collected by the terminal equipment reliably, so as to improve the security and efficiency of microgrid key management. Then, in the cloud, the Reputation-Evaluation Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant mechanism (REPBFT) based on smart contract and reputation evaluation can effectively manage the data sharing of edge computing devices, avoid the waste of network computing resources, and further improve the efficiency of microgrid data sharing. The simulation results show that when the number of edge devices reaches 25, the calculation and communication overhead of the proposed method are 63.46 ms and 2.66 KB, respectively, and when the processing data reaches 1024 KB, the security of the microgrid system is still 95%, which can realize safe and reliable data sharing and interaction, and can stably support the optimal operation of the microgrid.

/pdf/microgrid-data-security-sharing-method-based-on-blockchain-21kd7d13.pdf

Microgrid Data Security Sharing Method Based on Blockchain under Internet of Things Architecture

Aiming at the problems of high delay and vulnerable to network attack in the traditional microgrid centralized architecture, a collaborative microgrid security defense method in the edge-computing environment is proposed. First, we build the edge-computing framework for microgrid, deploy the edge-computing server near the equipment terminal to improve the data processing efficiency, and deploy the blockchain in the edge server to ensure the reliability of the system. Then, the fully homomorphic encryption algorithm is used to design the smart contract, and the secure sharing of information is ensured through identity authentication, data encryption call, and so on. Finally, the credibility model is integrated into the election algorithm and is used to build a trusted edge cooperation mechanism to further improve the ability of the system to defend against network attacks. Based on the microgrid model, the experimental demonstration of the proposed method is carried out. The results show that when subjected to a network attack, the current fluctuation range is small and the defense success rate exceeds 95%, which is better than other methods and can better meet the requirements of practical application.

/pdf/a-microgrid-security-defense-method-based-on-cooperation-in-3i2kt0bp.pdf

A Microgrid Security Defense Method Based on Cooperation in an Edge-Computing Environment

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Microgrid Data Security Sharing Method Based on Blockchain under Internet of Things Architecture

A Microgrid Security Defense Method Based on Cooperation in an Edge-Computing Environment