A spectacular resurgence of interest in the topic of ocean wave/sea ice interactions has unfolded over the last two decades, fueled primarily by the deleterious ramifications of global climate chan...

Ocean Wave Interactions with Sea Ice: A Reappraisal

Wave-ice interactions in the marginal ice zone. Part 1: Theoretical foundations

Current and emergent advances are examined on the topic of hydroelasticity theory applied to natural sea ice responding to the action of ocean surface waves and swell, with attention focused on methods that portray sea ice more faithfully as opposed to those that oversimplify interactions with a poor imitation of reality. A succession of authors have confronted and solved by various means the demanding applied mathematics associated with ocean waves (i) entering a vast sea-ice plate, (ii) travelling between plates of different thickness, (iii) impinging on a pressure ridge, (iv) affecting a single ice floe with arbitrarily specified physical and material properties, and (v) many such features or mixtures thereof. The next step is to embed simplified versions of these developments in an oceanic general circulation model for forecasting purposes. While targeted on specific sea-ice situations, many of the reported results are equally applicable to the interaction of waves with very large floating structures, such as pontoons, floating airports and mobile offshore bases.

Past, present and impendent hydroelastic challenges in the polar and subpolar seas.

A series of wave instruments was deployed on first-year Antarctic sea ice during SIPEX (Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment) II. Here we describe the hardware and software design of these instruments and give an overview of the returned dataset. Each instrument consisted of a high-resolution accelerometer coupled with a tri-axis inertial measurement unit, which was located using GPS. The significant wave heights measured near the ice edge were predominately between 1 and 2 m. During the 6 weeks of data capture, several large wave events were measured. We report here a selection of events, highlighting the complexities associated with measuring wave decay at individual frequencies.

/pdf/a-device-for-measuring-wave-induced-motion-of-ice-floes-in-4yizbieg4c.pdf

A device for measuring wave-induced motion of ice floes in the Antarctic marginal ice zone

This investigation considers theoretical models and empirical studies related to the dispersion of ocean surface gravity waves propagating in ice covered seas. In theory, wave dispersion is related to the mechanical nature of the ice. The change of normalized wavenumber is shown for four different dispersion models: the mass-loading model, an elastic plate model, an elastic plate model extended to include dissipation, and a viscous-layer model. For each dispersion model, model parameters are varied showing the dependence of deviation from open water dispersion on ice thickness, elasticity, and viscosity. In all cases, the deviation of wavenumber from the open water relation is more pronounced for higher frequencies. The effect of mass loading, a component of all dispersion models, tends to shorten the wavelength. The Voigt model of dissipation in an elastic plate model does not change the wavelength. Elasticity in the elastic plate model and viscosity in the viscous-layer model tend to increase the wavelength. The net effect, lengthening or shortening, is a function of the particular combination of ice parameters and wave frequency. Empirical results were compiled and interpreted in the context of these theoretical models of dispersion. A synopsis of previous measurements is as follows: observations in a loose pancake ice in the marginal ice zone, often, though not always, showed shortened wavelengths. Both lengthening and shortening have been observed in compact pancakes and pancakes in brash ice. Quantitative matches to the flexural-gravity model have been found in Arctic interior pack ice and sheets of fast ice.

An investigation into the dispersion of ocean surface waves in sea ice

A continuum model for the linear wave propagation in ice-covered oceans: An approximate solution

Due to the retreat of sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean, increasing wave intensity is becoming a significant concern for coastal erosion and offshore operations. In order to better assist environmental protection and human activities in the Arctic, a predictive model is needed for wave conditions in the ice-covered seas. Recently, a continuum viscoelastic model has been developed to describe the wave propagation characteristics in all types of ice cover. However, this model is not ready to be integrated into wave models until sufficient validation and parameterization is completed. In this paper, theoretical results are presented to demonstrate the complexity of the problem. Additional study needed to complete the theoretical model is discussed. A conceptual experiment is described as a validation and parameterization plan.

On Developing a Continuum Model for Wave Propagation in Ice Covered Seas

Experimental study on surface wave propagating through a grease–pancake ice mixture

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A continuum model for the linear wave propagation in ice-covered oceans: An approximate solution

On Developing a Continuum Model for Wave Propagation in Ice Covered Seas

Experimental study on surface wave propagating through a grease–pancake ice mixture