Strength performance of cement/slag-based stabilized soft clays

Many civil engineering projects are related to hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils over a wide suction range, which was investigated by imposing suctions on clayey silt specimens using the axis translation technique and the vapor equilibrium technique with saturated salt solution in this paper. Firstly, the effect of void ratio or density on the water retention behavior was discussed based on the measured data. The test data indicate that shear tests under constant water content can be considered as those under constant suction in high suction range. Secondly, the mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were also performed to observe the pore-size distribution of compacted specimens with different void ratios. The experimental results show that the inter-aggregate pores of compacted specimens decrease with increasing the initial void ratio, but the intra-aggregate pores remain unaffected, which can explain the water retention behavior of compacted specimens with different initial void ratios over a wide suction range. Finally, for triaxial shear tests, the shear strength increases with increasing the suction until a maximum strength is reached at a specific suction value. When the suction is higher than the specific suction value, the tendency of strength change depends on the density in high suction range.

Hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soil with different initial densities over a wide suction range

This paper presents a number of experimental results of suction-controlled triaxial tests on a compacted weakly expansive soil with different suctions and suction histories. In terms of suction control methods, the high suction level (from 3.29 to 38 MPa) was realized by the vapor equilibrium technique and the low suction level (from 0 to 800 kPa) was controlled by the axis translation technique. Results of the triaxial tests indicate that the specimen with higher suction shows higher strength and lower contractive and higher dilative volumetric strains, and the average skeleton stress ratio (q/p′) at failure decreases with increasing suction in the high suction range (3.29∼38 MPa). Given that suction during shearing is constant (e.g., 200 kPa), the specimen dried to a higher suction and the history shows higher strength and lower contractive volumetric strain. Experimental results also show that high pre-applied suction (i.e., the maximum suction in the history) can lead to peak strength, post-peak softe...

Hydromechanical behaviour of expansive soils with different suctions and suction histories

Including degree of capillary saturation into constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils

This study proposed two pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate sandy soil water retention curves. It is based on the van Genuchten's water retention model and from a semi-physical and semi-statistical approach. Basic gradation parameters of d60 as particle size at 60% passing and the coefficient of uniformity Cu are employed in the PTFs with two idealized conditions, the monosized scenario and the extremely polydisperse condition, satisfied. Water retention tests are carried out on 8 granular materials with narrow particle size distributions as supplementary data of the UNSODA database. The air entry value is expressed as inversely proportional to d60 and the parameter n, which is related to slope of water retention curve, is a function of Cu. The proposed PTFs, although have fewer parameters, have better fitness than previous PTFs for sandy soils. Furthermore, by incorporating with the suction stress definition, the proposed pedotransfer functions are imbedded in shear strength equations which provide a way to estimate capillary induced tensile strength or cohesion at a certain suction or degree of saturation from basic soil gradation parameters. The estimation shows quantitative agreement with experimental data in literature, and it also explains that the capillary induced cohesion is generally higher for materials with finer mean particle size or higher polydispersity.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017WR020411

Estimating Water Retention Curves and Strength Properties of Unsaturated Sandy Soils from Basic Soil Gradation Parameters

This paper proposes a new water retention model for unsaturated soils, which takes into account capillary condensation of adsorbed water. In this model, the degree of saturation of a soil is separated into that based on capillary water and that based on adsorbed water. Through analysis of a partially saturated two-cylinder system, a new shear strength criterion for unsaturated soils is proposed, in which only the degree of saturation based on capillary water contributes to the variation of shear strength with suction. The proposed shear strength criterion is justified against thermodynamic principles and is compared against existing criteria in the literature, which shows that it provides a much improved prediction of the experimental data for a wide range of suction values.

Capillary water retention curve and shear strength of unsaturated soils

The environmental risks associated with paper mills grow as demand for paper rises. Wastewater technology for paper mills needs to change due to the expected stricter water treatment regulations. This essay will discuss a combination of aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment and examine how technology advancement has improved the environment. This paper analyzes the new technology and concludes that new strains of bacteria can be introduced to break down the organic matter in the primary settling tank. What’s more, a bubble generator was introduced in the SBR tank to increase the reaction contact area. And the adoption of ozone ceramic membrane bonding technology in the realization of solid-liquid separation in a secondary sedimentation tank. Meanwhile, the combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment process has low operating cost, low residual sludge, modifies the hard-to-degrade organic matter and improves the biochemical properties of the wastewater. Considering the impact on the environment, this paper proposes collecting gas for recycling, establishing tertiary treatment system and adding Fenton's reagent. By comparing the traditional papermaking process and the new microbial treatment technology, a new improvement scheme is proposed, which can help improve the economic efficiency, save resources and protect the environment, and can meet the dual requirements of social development and environmental protection.

Exploring The Effect of Aerobic And Anaerobic Biotechnology Based on Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment

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Capillary water retention curve and shear strength of unsaturated soils

Exploring The Effect of Aerobic And Anaerobic Biotechnology Based on Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment