Coupling analysis of shielded and unshielded star quad cables excited by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP) is investigated using the transmission line theory-based perturbation technique. A detailed modal analysis is presented to obtain the modal per-unit-length parameters of the modal signals in such shielded/unshielded star quad cables. Due to their geometrical balanced structures, with opposite wires used for +leg and −leg to transfer the differential-mode (DM) signal, the external coupling is dramatically suppressed. Moreover, stochastic analyses based on the Monte Carlo simulation are also performed to study the sensitivity of the induced common-mode (CM) and DM currents, due to the deformation effects of the twisting structure of the cable. It is found that the induced CM and DM currents are slightly affected by the twisting deformation of the cable because the interference cancelations do not mainly depend on the twisting loops of the cable. In particular, time domain analysis is performed to study the field-to-wire coupling of the star quad cables exposed to an IEMP, where the worst-case waveform signals in the presence of an IEMP attack are captured and analyzed. 

Coupling Analysis of Shielded and Unshielded Star Quad Cables Excited by an Intentional Electromagnetic Pulse

Coupling analysis of shielded and unshielded star quad cables excited by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP) is investigated using the transmission line theory-based perturbation technique. A detailed modal analysis is presented to obtain the modal per-unit-length parameters of the modal signals in such shielded/unshielded star quad cables. Due to their geometrical balanced structures, with opposite wires used for +leg and −leg to transfer the differential-mode (DM) signal, the external coupling is dramatically suppressed. Moreover, stochastic analyses based on the Monte Carlo simulation are also performed to study the sensitivity of the induced common-mode (CM) and DM currents, due to the deformation effects of the twisting structure of the cable. It is found that the induced CM and DM currents are slightly affected by the twisting deformation of the cable because the interference cancelations do not mainly depend on the twisting loops of the cable. In particular, time domain analysis is performed to study the field-to-wire coupling of the star quad cables exposed to an IEMP, where the worst-case waveform signals in the presence of an IEMP attack are captured and analyzed.

In this article, the skin and proximity effects formulas of solid and hollow conductors with different radii are accurately formulated using exact expressions of electric and magnetic fields around them. Moreover, both approximation and simplification of the developed formulas are also provided for higher frequency applications, where the skin depth is significantly smaller than the conductor radius. Consequently, it is shown that these approximate expressions can help us to understand the coupling mechanisms of noncoaxial and twinax cables with hollow shields, where the transfer impedances of the shields are determined with an inner conductor located at a noncoaxial location. The coupling through a hollow shield of a twinax cable is also investigated, and the induced common- and differential-mode currents are predicted in very fast and accurate way. The proposed method is validated by making comparisons with both COMSOL Multiphysics and HFSS software with different numerical methods employed.

Fast and Accurate Semi-Analytical Solution to Skin and Proximity Effects in Shielded Cable Systems

Combinational of surrogate modeling and particle swarm optimization for improving the electromagnetic performances of a frequency selective surface

This paper presents a novel Ku wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array composed of crossed-dipole element (CDE) and fed through sequential rotation (SR) feeding technique. Unlike the traditional CP-CDE fed by coaxial cable that usually works at low frequencies, the proposed CDE consists of two orthogonal heart-shaped patch dipoles that can work at frequencies as high as Ku-band, at the same time achieving a larger bandwidth. A feeding structure is proposed without welding, so potential errors in the antenna assembly process can be mitigated. A 2 × 2 CP antenna array with wideband SR feeding network is designed based on the CDE to further expand the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The designed antenna array is fabricated using the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology and measured in anechoic chamber using the planar near-field measurement facility. The measured results show that −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 44% (11.6–18.15 GHz) along with 3 dB AR bandwidth of 38.7% (12–17.65 GHz) and 3 dB gain bandwidth of 34.6% (12.2–17.3 GHz) as well as 11.02 dBic peak gain have been achieved while maintaining a lower profile.

/pdf/a-ku-wideband-circularly-polarized-microstrip-antenna-array-ct5c1x3a.pdf

A Ku Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Low Profile Crossed-Dipole Element

A transmission line model is generalized to characterize the effect of electromagnetic plane wave coupling with shielded twisted wire pair (TWP)/twinax cables with apertures on their shield. The model is applied in order to predict the response of the shielded TWP/twinax cables by obtaining the induced common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) currents due to external electromagnetic interference. Therefore, the field-to-wire coupling to the outer shield is solved by applying the transmission line model. After that, the transfer impedance and admittance of the shield with line apertures are used to model the coupling from the outer shield to the inner wires. It is shown that the shielded TWP has better performance than the twinax cable in reducing the external interference. The results are validated using the commercial software FEKO, where a good agreement is obtained.

Transmission Line Model of Field-to-wire Coupling with Shielded TWP/Twinax Cables with line Apertures

Recently, artificial neural network (ANN) attracts intensive attentions on solving electromagnetic (EM) inverse problems In an inverse design of frequency selective surface (FSS) model with ANN, the inputs are S-parameters, while the outputs are structure parameters or material parameters However, faced with applications where S-parameters vary in a large frequency range with different curve shapes, such as multi-band microwave devices, simple sampling with equal spacing may cause the input dimension to be too large and will require more complex neural network In this paper, a cognition-driven sampling method is introduced to solve this problem A parameter-extraction modeling of dual-passband FSS using both equidistant sampling and proposed method is presented and the well-designed FSS is further fabricated to validate the technique

Dual-Band FSS Inverse Design Using ANN with Cognition-Driven Sampling

A dual-band aperture-shared circular polarized microstrip array antenna for X-/Ku-band satellite communications is presented in this paper The antenna is composed of a 4×4 square patch array at Ku-band and a 2×2 cross patch array at X-band The circular polarization of the antenna is realized by feeding a pair of coaxial lines with 90° phase difference separately The simulated results of the antenna show that the dual-band impedance bandwidths is 71% at Ku-band and 36% at X-band and the gains is 1641 dBi at Ku-band and 1374 dBi at X-band and the axial ratios are close to the ideal value zero in the operation frequency band The proposed antenna provides a potential scheme for dual-band satellite communication applications

Dual-Band Aperture-Shared Circular Polarized Array Antenna for X-/Ku-Band Satellite Communications

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Papers

Transmission Line Model of Field-to-wire Coupling with Shielded TWP/Twinax Cables with line Apertures

Dual-Band FSS Inverse Design Using ANN with Cognition-Driven Sampling

Dual-Band Aperture-Shared Circular Polarized Array Antenna for X-/Ku-Band Satellite Communications