An in vivo model is necessary for toxicology. This review analyzed the uses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in toxicology based on bibliometrics. Totally 56,816 publications about zebrafish from 2002 to 2023 were found in Web of Science Core Collection, with Toxicology as the top 6 among all disciplines. Accordingly, the bibliometric map reveals that “toxicity” has become a hot keyword. It further reveals that the most common exposure types include acute, chronic, and combined exposure. The toxicological effects include behavioral, intestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive and transgenerational toxicity. The mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The toxicants commonly evaluated by using zebrafish model include nanomaterials, arsenic, metals, bisphenol, and dioxin. Overall, zebrafish provide a unique and well-accepted model to investigate the toxicological effects and mechanisms. We also discussed the possible ways to address some of the limitations of zebrafish model, such as the combination of human organoids to avoid species differences. 

The uses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model for toxicological studies: A review based on bibliometrics.

In this work we have studied the interaction of the food dye Indigo-Carmine (IndC) with the most studied model transport proteins i.e. human and bovine serum albumin (HSA & BSA). A multispectroscopic approach was used to analyze the details of the binding process. The intrinsic fluorescence of both the albumins was significantly quenched by IndC and the quenching was both static and dynamic in nature with the former being dominant. The HSA-lndC and BSA-IndC distance after complexation was determined by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) method which suggested efficient energy transfer from the albumins to IndC. Thermodynamics of serum protein-IndC complexation was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) which revealed that the binding was enthalpy driven. Circular dichroism (CD) and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the binding of IndC induced secondary structural changes in both the serum proteins. Synchronous and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction caused microenvironmental changes of protein fluorophores. Molecular docking analysis suggested that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are the major forces involved in the complexation process. 

Interaction of food colorant indigo carmine with human and bovine serum albumins: A multispectroscopic, calorimetric, and theoretical investigation.

Ionomeric binders in catalyst layers, abbreviated as ionomers, play an essential role in the performance of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. Due to environmental issues associated with perfluoroalkyl substances, alternative hydrocarbon ionomers have drawn substantial attention over the past few years. This review surveys literature to discuss ionomer requirements for the electrodes of fuel cells and electrolyzers, highlighting design principles of hydrocarbon ionomers to guide the development of advanced hydrocarbon ionomers.

Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers.

In this paper, we introduce an innovative method known as Adaptive Two-Dimensional Piecewise Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance (TDPTSR) and discuss its applicability in extracting weak fault features. Initially, addressing the saturation issue of the Standard Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance (STSR) system, we construct a novel piecewise tri-stable potential function. This function independently adjusts the depth and width of potential wells. We explore the particle output characteristics of the Piecewise Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance (PTSR) system using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. Subsequently, we delve into the performance analysis of the TDPTSR system. Leveraging adiabatic approximation theory, we derive the equivalent potential function, steady-state probability density (SPD), mean first-pass time (MFPT), and output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the TDPTSR. We also investigate the impact of changes in system parameters on these metrics. Additionally, drawing from kurtosis and cosine similarity properties, we introduce a Modified Kurtosis Index (MKC) as a measurement index for impact signal detection. We propose a method for impact signal feature extraction by integrating MKC with the TDPTSR system. Simulation analysis demonstrates the suitability of MKC as an index for quantifying Stochastic Resonance and the superior detection capability of the TDPTSR system. Finally, we apply TDPTSR to the fault diagnosis of two types of bearings, optimizing system parameters using a genetic algorithm (GA). Comparative analysis with STSR and PTSR confirms that our proposed method in this paper yields further improvements in Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement (SNRI), higher spectral peak magnitude (Amout) at characteristic frequencies, and increased recognition quantity (Δ). 

Adaptive detection of impact signals with two-dimensional piecewise tri-stable stochastic resonance and its application in bearing fault diagnosis

Mesotrione, topramezone, tembotrione, and sulcotrione are four types of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxidase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides that are extensively employed in agricultural practices, but their usage also leads to environmental pollution and poses risks to human health. A probe (E)-1-((2-(pyridin-2-yl) hydrazineylidene) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (CHMN) based on chelation enhancement (CHEF) effect synthesized. CHMN was first chelated with Zn2+ to form a probe system with green, which can be further used to detect mesotrione, topramezone, tembotrione and sulcotrione in complicated environment. CHMN-Zn2+ detection of four pesticides was accurate, with an excellent linear relationship between 0 and 100 μM. The detection limits were LODmesotrione = 7.79 μM, LODtopramezone = 1.91 μM, LODtembotrione = 1.38 μM and LODsulcotrione = 2.43 μM. The detection time is 1 min, and it is successfully applied in real water sample and bioimaging. This work can provide a novel method for studying the migration and behavior of environmental pollutants. 

A novel Zn2+-coordination fluorescence probe for sensing HPPD inhibitors and its application in environmental media and biological imaging.

Effects of HPPD inhibitor herbicides on soybean root exudates: A combination study of multispectral technique and 2D-COS analysis.

Objectives To develop and externally validate a spectral CT based nomogram for the preoperative prediction of LVI in patients with resectable GC. Methods The two centered study contained a retrospective primary dataset of 224 pathologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinomas (161 males, 63 females; mean age: 60.57 ± 10.81 years, range: 20-86 years) and an external prospective validation dataset from the second hospital (77 males and 35 females; mean age, 61.05 ± 10.51 years, range, 31 to 86 years). Triple-phase enhanced CT scans with gemstone spectral imaging mode were performed within one week before surgery. The clinicopathological characteristics were collected, the iodine concentration (IC) of the primary tumours at arterial phase (AP), venous phase (VP), and delayed phase (DP) were measured and then normalized to aorta (nICs). Univariable analysis was used to compare the differences of clinicopathological and IC values between LVI positive and negative groups. Independent predictors for LVI were screened by multivariable logistic regression analysis in primary dataset and used to develop a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated by using ROC analysis and tested in validation dataset. Its clinical use was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Tumor thickness, Borrmann classification, CT reported lymph node (LN) status and nICDP were independent predictors for LVI, and the nomogram based on these indicators was significantly associated with LVI (P<0.001). It yielded an AUC of 0.825 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.769-0.872) and 0.802 (95% CI, 0.716-0.871) in primary and validation datasets (all P<0.05), with promising clinical utility by DCA. Conclusion This study presented a dual energy CT quantification based nomogram, which enables preferable preoperative individualized prediction of LVI in patients with GC.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.942425/pdf

Spectral CT for preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion in resectable gastric cancer: With external prospective validation

Study on the molecular mechanisms of tetrandrine against pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification


 Unconventional ORR polarization exacerbates the performance degradation of the PEMFC, which is directly related to the interfacial features of Pt/Nafion. Therefore, the distribution of Nafion on the Pt surface is an important issue for the in-depth analysis of Nafion poisoning and is likely to be a breakthrough to completely solve it. In this work, we first visualized the selective distribution of Nafion on Pt surface by TEM-EDS. Simultaneously, Nafion-coated CLs with different areal loadings by thinning and diluting processes underwent delicate electrochemical measurements, which demonstrates that the coverage of sulfonate on Pt is proportional to the Pt loading, further proving the preferential distribution of Nafion on Pt compared with carbon by quantitative data analysis. As such, this groundbreaking work with an innovative approach, including qualitative visual observation and quantitative electrochemical calculation, provides a new horizon for the understanding of Nafion poisoning on Pt-based oxygen reduction catalysts and is meaningful to the local structure design of anti-Nafion-poisoning catalysts.

Selective Distributing Features of PFSA Ionomer on Pt/C in PEMFC

BACKGROUND
The histone lysine methyltransferase Histone-lysine N-methytransferase 2D (KMT2D) is a common mutated gene in a variety of cancers, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the mechanism of KMT2D on the progression of PTC remains unclear.


METHODS
In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate KMT2D expression between human normal cell (Nthy-ori 3-1) and PTC cells (TPC1, IHH-4 and BCPAP). Proliferation, migration and invasion of TPC1, IHH-4 and BCPAP were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. The mechanism of KMT2D on thyroid papillary cancer was explored with Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP), qRT-PCR and Western blotting.


RESULTS
The expression of KMT2D in PTC cells was significantly increased. Downregulation of KMT2D significantly decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells, which was correlated with decreased expression levels of H3K4me2, H3K9me2, NCOA6 and THRB. Meanwhile, ChIP assay demonstrated that KMT2D was associated with NCOA6.


CONCLUSIONS
Study have shown that the downregulation of KMT2D reduces proliferation, migration and invasion of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells through epigenetic modification of NCOA6/THRB signal axis. These results provide a new insight into the role of KMT2D in migration and invasion of PTC.

/pdf/kmt2d-regulates-the-ncoa6-thrb-signal-axis-through-2qwuf3gl.pdf

KMT2D Regulates the NCOA6/THRB Signal Axis through Epigenetic Modification to Promote the Migration and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

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