Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: Prospects and challenges ☆

Investigation into gas production from natural gas hydrate: A review

Gas hydrates have received considerable attention due to their important role in flow assurance for the oil and gas industry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and extraterrestrial planets, and their significant applications in sustainable technologies including but not limited to gas and energy storage, gas separation, and water desalination Given not only their inherent structural flexibility depending on the type of guest gas molecules and formation conditions, but also the synthetic effects of a wide range of chemical additives on their properties, these variabilities could be exploited to optimise the role of gas hydrates This includes increasing their industrial applications, understanding and utilising their role in Nature, identifying potential methods for safely extracting natural gases stored in naturally occurring hydrates within the Earth, and for developing green technologies This review summarizes the different properties of gas hydrates as well as their formation and dissociation kinetics and then reviews the fast-growing literature reporting their role and applications in the aforementioned fields, mainly concentrating on advances during the last decade Challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of each field are briefly discussed The overall objective of this review is to provide readers with an extensive overview of gas hydrates that we hope will stimulate further work on this riveting field

Gas hydrates in sustainable chemistry

Over the past century, fossil fuels have provided the majority of China's energy. However, their extensive utilization leads to a shortage and environmental pollution. Recently, submarine and permafrost gas hydrate deposits have been investigated as a possible clean and sustainable energy source by governmental institutions, research organizations, and energy industries in China. The primary objective of this paper is to review the potential studies pertaining to gas hydrate exploration and resource assessment, the safe and efficient exploitation of gas hydrates and the basic properties of gas hydrates. To date, there are over 20 institutions and organizations in China committed to gas hydrate investigation, among which the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GMGS) and the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) etc. primarily focus on gas hydrate exploration research, while the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Research Center, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (GIEC) and China University of Petroleum-Beijing (CUPB) etc. concentrate on gas hydrate mining technologies. In this paper, the occurrence and exploration of gas hydrates in both permafrost regions and the continental slope of China have been determined from numerous research contributions and are presented. Moreover, the latest progress in gas hydrate fundamental studies, including hydrate phase equilibria, hydrate formation mechanisms, hydrate thermal physical properties and the acoustics and resistivity characteristics of gas hydrates are briefly reviewed, and relevant data are gathered and compared. Emphasis is also placed on gas hydrate mining technologies and gas production using depressurization methods, thermal stimulation methods or other methods. Furthermore, the security of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments during gas production and the environmental impacts of gas hydrate are identified. With additional financial and political support and advanced research facilities, research on gas hydrates in China is progressing rapidly but is still in its early developing stage, thus, future work should be undertaken with greater diligence.

The status of natural gas hydrate research in China: A review

Effects of dissociation on the shear strength and deformation behavior of methane hydrate-bearing sediments

A new strength criterion and constitutive model of gas hydrate-bearing sediments under high confining pressures

Effect of confining pressure on mechanical behavior of methane hydrate-bearing sediments

Integrated device for in-situ generation and decomposition of hydrate sediments and permeability measurement thereof

To acquire more knowledge about the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments and assess the longterm stability of the strata, samples of clayey sediments containing methane hydrate were prepared and tested for their mechanical properties under various conditions by triaxial compression. The effects of temperature and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of methane hydrate-bearing sediments were analyzed. And a strength criterion considering the influence of temperature was developed for methane hydrate-bearing sediments. It agrees well with the experimental data, it and can be taken to predict the shear failure strength of methane hydrate-bearing sediments under subzero conditions.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties And Strength Criteria of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

In this paper, a triaxial apparatus system was set up. The creep behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments was measured by loading different shear stress on various porosity sediments. The creep curves were attempted to simulate. The experimental results indicated that, the internal cementation of the sediments was changed with the change of porosity. The viscoplastic structural was also changed with the change of porosity. High porosity sediments have a high viscosity and hardness. Moreover, the high porosity sediments have larger initial strain than the low porosity sediments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME

Effects of Porosity on the Creep Behavior of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

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