The role of algae and cyanobacteria in the production and release of odorants in water

The exposure to geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in water has caused a negative impact on product reputation and customer distrust. The occurrence of these compounds and their metabolites during drinking water treatment processes has caused different health challenges. Conventional treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination employed in removing these two commonest taste and odor compounds (GSM and 2-MIB) were found to be ineffective and inherent shortcomings. The removal of GSM and MIB were found to be effective using combination of activated carbon and ozonation; however, high treatment cost associated with ozonation technique and poor regeneration efficiency of activated carbon constitute serious setback to the combined system. Other shortcoming of the activated carbon adsorption and ozonation include low adsorption efficiency due to the presence of natural organic matter and humic acid. In light of this background, the review is focused on the sources, effects, environmental pathways, detection, and removal techniques of 2-MIB and GSM from aqueous media. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were found to be promising to remove the two compounds from water but accompanied with different challenges. Herein, to fill the knowledge gap analysis on these algal metabolites (GSM and 2-MIB), the integration of treatment processes vis-a-viz combination of one or more AOPs with other conventional methods are considered logical to remove these odorous compounds and hence could improve overall water quality.

A critical review on geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water: sources, effects, detection, and removal techniques

Pilot investigation on formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole via microbial O-methylation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in drinking water distribution system: An insight into microbial mechanism.

The occurrence of haloanisoles as an emerging odorant in municipal tap water of typical cities in China

Aquaponics is a technique where a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and hydroponics are integrated to grow plants and fish in a closed system. We investigated if the growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) would be affected in a coupled aquaponic system compared to the growth of the fish in RAS or plants in a hydroponic system, all systems as three replicates. We also investigated the possible effects of plants on the onset of nitrification in biofilters and on the concentration of off-flavor-causing agents geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in rainbow trout flesh and spinach. For the fish grown in aquaponics, the weight gain and specific growth rates were higher, and the feed conversion ratio was lower than those grown in RAS. In spinach, there were no significant differences in growth between aquaponic and hydroponic treatments. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher in the roots and MIB in the shoots of spinach grown in aquaponics than in hydroponics. In fish, the concentrations of MIB did not differ, but the concentrations of GSM were lower in aquaponics than in RAS. The onset of nitrification was faster in the aquaponic system than in RAS. In conclusion, spinach grew equally well in aquaponics and hydroponic systems. However, the aquaponic system was better than RAS in terms of onset of nitrification, fish growth, and lower concentrations of GSM in fish flesh.

/pdf/is-aquaponics-beneficial-in-terms-of-fish-and-plant-growth-ilcvn04l.pdf

Is Aquaponics Beneficial in Terms of Fish and Plant Growth and Water Quality in Comparison to Separate Recirculating Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems?

Seasonal occurrence and species specificity of fishy and musty odor in Huajiang Reservoir in winter, China

The synergy of light/fluid flow and membrane modification of a novel membrane microalgal photobioreactor for direct air carbon capture

In this work, we prepared mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber with tunable pore size using diverse surfactants. The as-prepared mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber was characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques. The influence of surfactants types and polymerization degree on surface morphology and adsorption performance of mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber was compared. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm prove the existence of mesoporous structure in η-Al2O3 nanofiber. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is favored over polyether (PPG) in the preparation of mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber, and PEG with a lower degree of polymerization is beneficial to form well-defined mesoporous structure. The η-Al2O3 nanofiber (PEG600) has the highest specific surface area and the best adsorption performance, followed by the η-Al2O3 nanofiber (PEG2000), and then the η-Al2O3 nanofiber (PPG). Both the adsorption isotherm and the adsorption kinetics equation prove that the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue on mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber is the combination of chemical and multilayer adsorption. This work provides a new avenue to prepare mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber with tunable pore size for the application of mesoporous material in battery, adsorbent, catalytic and biomedical carrier. 

The fabrication of mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber with tunable pore size by template-induced strategy

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Seasonal occurrence and species specificity of fishy and musty odor in Huajiang Reservoir in winter, China

The synergy of light/fluid flow and membrane modification of a novel membrane microalgal photobioreactor for direct air carbon capture

The fabrication of mesoporous η-Al2O3 nanofiber with tunable pore size by template-induced strategy