During the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of data visualizations were created to inform the public about the rapidly evolving crisis. Data dashboards, a form of information dissemination used during the pandemic, have facilitated this process by visualizing statistics regarding the number of COVID-19 cases over time. Prior work on COVID-19 visualizations has primarily focused on the design and evaluation of specific visualization systems from technology-centered perspectives. However, little is known about what occurs behind the scenes during the visualization creation processes, given the complex sociotechnical contexts in which they are embedded. Yet, such ecological knowledge is necessary to help characterize the nuances and trajectories of visualization design practices in the wild, as well as generate insights into how creators come to understand and approach visualization design on their own terms and for their own situated purposes. In this research, we conducted a qualitative interview study among dashboard creators from federal agencies, state health departments, mainstream news media outlets, and other organizations that created (often widely-used) COVID-19 dashboards to answer the following questions: how did visualization creators engage in COVID-19 dashboard design, and what tensions, conflicts, and challenges arose during this process? Our findings detail the trajectory of design practices-from creation to expansion, maintenance, and termination-that are shaped by the complex interplay between design goals, tools and technologies, labor, emerging crisis contexts, and public engagement. We particularly examined the tensions between designers and the general public involved in these processes. These conflicts, which often materialized due to a divergence between public demands and standing policies, centered around the type and amount of information to be visualized, how public perceptions shape and are shaped by visualization design, and the strategies utilized to deal with (potential) misinterpretations and misuse of visualizations. Our findings and lessons learned shed light on new ways of thinking in visualization design, focusing on the bundled activities that are invariably involved in human and nonhuman participation throughout the entire trajectory of design practice. 

/pdf/visualization-design-practices-in-a-crisis-behind-the-scenes-2h3ewels.pdf

Visualization Design Practices in a Crisis: Behind the Scenes With COVID-19 Dashboard Creators

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hbe2.249

How humans behave with emerging technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is currently being a concern in all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Yogyakarta Special Region, especially Sleman Regency, is a red zone, which is an area that has a very high transmission rate of Covid-19. Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, is one of the hamlets located near the government center of Sleman Regency where community activity and mobility are quite high. There are many business buildings located along the main road. The purpose of this research is to analyze the vulnerability to transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) based on building function using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) methods. Types of buildings as houses and store are identified using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image. Types of buildings used as physical variables in the analysis. Based on the result, from total of 363 buildings, there are 35 buildings that have a high level of vulnerability and 328 buildings with low vulnerability. A low level of vulnerability is found in buildings that function as shophouse. Meanwhile, the low level of vulnerability is found in buildings used as houses and public facilities. This is because during the pandemic, several public facilities in Mancasan Kleben are not yet operational. Mitigation efforts that need to be implemented are increasing awareness of ourselves and the surrounding environment. The implementation of healthy living habits by implementing CITA MAS JAJAR, avoiding crowds and not traveling if it is not too important, can help prevent the transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

/pdf/analysis-of-vulnerability-to-transmission-of-the-covid-19-1l2gyxb5.pdf

Analysis of Vulnerability to Transmission of the Covid-19 based on Building Function at Padukuhan Mancasan Kleben, Pandowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta

In the face of the confusion and uncertainty that COVID-19 has caused over the last year, Geography has proven to be a useful aid in the interpretation of the spatial dynamics that explain the transmission of the virus. Applied cartography and GIS analysis of epidemiological data have been consolidated as essential tools for interpreting the health crisis. This paper explores the usefulness of maps for the study of the evolution of the pandemic in Castile and Leon, one of the Spanish regions with the highest levels of infection and mortality. Based on the statistical variables of sick and dead people at the scale of the Basic Health Area (BHA), a first analytical approach is carried out by means of a sequence of dynamic maps during the first wave. Afterwards, a systematic study is carried out using thematic mapping for the period of the three waves, a period between March 2020 and March 2021. The analysis unravels the differential impact of the disease between rural and urban areas and reveals the problems of the mismatch between the functional divisions of the territory (BHA, as units of health analysis) and the scale of administrative management (municipalities, as the effective scale of action).

Cartographies on COVID-19 and functional divisions of the territory: an analysis on the evolution of the pandemic based on Basic Health Areas (BHA) in Castile and Leon (Spain)

This article reports on a multiphase study designed to understand how nonexpert users interact with COVID-19 data dashboards, particularly in terms of the dashboards’ actionability, or ability to support decision making. Analysis of the videos and transcriptions of user interviews shows the variable relevance of proposed criteria for dashboard actionability and suggests additional criteria for users’ emotional responses to data and for the presentation of data at degrees of personal and local granularity. These findings advance an understanding of how nonexpert audiences interact with and derive value from complex visualized data.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10506519231161611

User Perceptions of Actionability in Data Dashboards

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has affected human lives at all levels Maps visualizing this pandemic have become a valuable tool for public to retrieve and understand the situation in their areas of interest Some earlier maps visualize information at the level of country or state in the United States, but viewers could not access information at a finer level such as county Motivated by the necessity of visualizing information at a finer level, this study designs a thematic map displaying confirmed COVID-19 cases at the county level in the State of New York The thematic map utilizes a choropleth design with defined data classification and colors for symbolization This study then evaluates this designed thematic map with two other published maps: one from the New York State Department of Health and one from The New York Times The evaluation collects 147 valid responses from public all over the world Results show that choropleth design yields higher accuracy of map understanding In addition, the designed map in this study receives higher preference among participants This study suggests the importance of understanding the data, readers, and mapping purpose in the decision of data classification and symbolization in map design, as it contributes largely to the effectiveness of map interpretation

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hbe2.248

Visualizing COVID-19 information for public: Designs, effectiveness, and preference of thematic maps

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Visualizing COVID-19 information for public: Designs, effectiveness, and preference of thematic maps