Cerebral vascular malformations are non-neoplastic lesions resulting from focal anomalies in the development of cerebrospinal circulation. They tend to be asymptomatic, but in 40% of cases, they can be symptomatic; the four morphological types have been described in standard surgical pathology textbooks such as capillary, cavernous, venous and arteriovenous malformations. Mixed types are very rare and remain exceptional. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography lack sensitivity and specificity for accurate diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the choice of diagnostic modality. A conservative approach is observed in asymptomatic patients. Microsurgical resection is the only definitive treatment in symptomatic patients for supratentorial lesions. Due to the heterogeneity of this entity and ongoing debate about ontogenesis, diagnosis and management, we report the case of an 18-year-old boy who presented with a history of seizures for 3 years.

An intracerebral sporadic mixed cavernous angioma: An extremely rare entity with review of literature

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with heterotopic formation has been reported very rarely. We report this rare entity in a 33-year-old female patient who came to the out-patient department after complaining of pain in the lumbar region of the left side for 2 years. A computed tomography scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion originating from the posterior cortex of the left kidney in the upper pole. It had many chunky calcification foci and was treated with left robotic partial nephrectomy. Histo-pathological examination revealed clear cell RCC with the heterotopic bone formation with a tumor size measuring 5 × 4 × 2.5 cm; the tumor was limited to the kidney, and the tumor resection margin were free of tumor, WHO/ISUP Grade 2. The pathological stage (AJCC 8th edition PTNM) was p T1b p NX p MX. The prognostic implications regarding calcification are poorly addressed in the literature. Patients suffering from osseous metaplasia are often in their early stages of the disease and have a favorable prognosis.

Heterotopic bone formation in a case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A case report.


 
 
 Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a newly added entity in the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs (2017). It is regarded as a neoplasm with very low malignant potential, thus affecting further treatment of the patients.
 
 
 
 To study the recently diagnosed entity, NIFTP, as not many cases have been reported of the same.
 
 
 
 A retrospective analysis of all thyroid neoplasms received in the Department of Pathology of our institute over two years was done. Out of the 188 cases that we reported, 38 were of non-invasive follicular neoplasms.
 
 
 
 Thirty-two patients were female, whereas six patients were male. Thirty-five patients presented with solitary thyroid nodule and the others had an ill-defined thyroid swelling. Thirty-four patients had normal thyroid profile while two patients each presented with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
 
 
 
 It is crucial to carefully study the histopathological features of solitary thyroid swellings and correlate with clinical and radiological findings. The recently added diagnostic category of NIFTP helps clinicians prevent over-treatment of a group of low-risk thyroid tumors.


Study of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm: A borderline entity

Low grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare malignant entity, which is most commonly discovered incidentally. There is a cystic dilatation of appendix, due to copious amounts of gelatinous material accumulation in the appendiceal lumen. The larger the mass, the higher is the risk of malignancy. It can lead to multiple complications such as intussusception, volvulus, small bowel obstruction, and rupture, which in turn can cause an alarming condition of pseudomyxoma peritonei. The patient may or may not present with symptoms of appendicitis, but appendectomy remains the standard approach, both for treatment and diagnosis. It is commonly found in middle-aged adults, with female predominance. We received one such appendicitis specimen, which was incidentally detected as LAMN.

Incidental detection of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm

Is complete blood count sufficient to rule out hemoglobinopathy carrier state in females visiting antenatal care clinic: A study at one center

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