Recent Advances on Graphene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have drawn significant attention from the scientific and engineering community as lightweight and comfortable next‐generation wearable devices due to their ability to interface with the human body, and continuously monitor, collect, and communicate various physiological parameters. However, one of the major challenges for the commercialization and further growth of e‐textiles is the lack of compatible power supply units. Thin and flexible supercapacitors (SCs), among various energy storage systems, are gaining consideration due to their salient features including excellent lifetime, lightweight, and high‐power density. Textile‐based SCs are thus an exciting energy storage solution to power smart gadgets integrated into clothing. Here, materials, fabrications, and characterization strategies for textile‐based SCs are reviewed. The recent progress of textile‐based SCs is then summarized in terms of their electrochemical performances, followed by the discussion on key parameters for their wearable electronics applications, including washability, flexibility, and scalability. Finally, the perspectives on their research and technological prospects to facilitate an essential step towards moving from laboratory‐based flexible and wearable SCs to industrial‐scale mass production are presented.

Smart Electronic Textile‐Based Wearable Supercapacitors

The development in the use of polyaniline (PANI) in advanced studies makes us draw attention to the presented research and combine it into one study like this one. The unique composition of PANI qualifies it for use in electrochemical applications in addition to many other applications whose use depends on its mechanical properties. Based on this, it is necessary to limit the reactions that produce PANI and the cheapest cost, and then limit the current uses in the formation of nanocomposites with metals, their oxides, and/or carbon nanocomposites in order to determine what is missing from them and work on it again to expand its chemistry. The development in the use of PANI in advanced studies makes us draw attention to the research presented on PANI and combine it into one study. One of the very important things that made PANI possess a very huge research revolution are preparation in a variety of ways, easy and inexpensive, from which a daily product can be obtained with very high purity, as well as its distinctive properties that made it the focus of researchers in various scientific departments. The unique structure of PANI, which is easy to prepare in its pure form or with various chemical compounds including metals, metal oxides, and carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide), qualifies it for use in electrochemical applications. The various studies reviewed showed that PANI gave good results in the applications of super capacitors. In some of the studies mentioned later, it gave a specific capacitance of 503 F/g, cycle stability 85% at 10,000 cycles, energy density 8.88 kW/kg, and power density 96 W h/kg. It was also noted that these values improved significantly when using PANI with its nanocomposites. Because of its good electrical conductivity and the possibility of preparing it with a high surface area with nanostructures in the form of nanowires, nanofibers, and nanotubes, PANI was used as a gas sensor. We have noticed, through the studies conducted in this field, that the properties of PANI as a basic material in gas sensors are greatly improved when it is prepared in the form of PANI nanocomposites, as explained in detail later. From this review, we tried with great effort to shed light on this attractive polymer in terms of its different preparation methods, its distinctive properties, its nanocomposites, and the type of polymerization used for each nanocomposites, as well as its applications in its pure form or with its nanocomposites in the supercapacitor and gas sensor applications.

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A Review on Polyaniline: Synthesis, Properties, Nanocomposites, and Electrochemical Applications

The experimental knowledge of the AlSb monolayer with double layer honeycomb structure is largely based on the recent publication (Le Qinet al2021ACS Nano158184), where this monolayer was recently synthesized. Therefore, the aim of our research is to consequently explore the effects of substitutional doping and vacancy point defects on the electronic and magnetic properties of the novel hexagonal AlSb monolayer. Besides experimental reports, the phonon band structure and cohesive energy calculations confirm the stability of the AlSb monolayer. Its direct bandgap has been estimated to be 0.9 eV via the hybrid functional method, which is smaller than the value of 1.6 eV of bulk material. The majority of vacancy defects and substitutional dopants change the electronic properties of the AlSb monolayer from semiconducting to metallic. Moreover, the MgSbimpurity has demonstrated the addition of ferromagnetic behavior to the material. It is revealed through the calculation of formation energy that in Al-rich conditions, the vacant site of VSbis the most stable, while in Sb-rich circumstances the point defect of VAlgets the title. The formation energy has also been calculated for the substitutional dopants, showing relative stability of the defected structures. We undertook this theoretical study to inspire many experimentalists to focus their efforts on AlSb monolayer growth incorporating different impurities. It has been shown here that defect engineering is a powerful tool to tune the properties of novel AlSb two-dimensional monolayer for advanced nanoelectronic applications.

Investigation of vacancy defects and substitutional doping in AlSb monolayer with double layer honeycomb structure: a first-principles calculation.

ABSTRACT Graphene (GN), a 2-D, flat, single atomic entity, carbon allotrope, has proved to be an exceptional material recently, and garnered global accolade as a result of inherent exceptionally high charge mobility, thermally, optically, and mechanically superior attributes. In recent nanotechnological advancements, GN and its derivatives especially graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) have undergone intensive investigation which has profoundly impacted on optoelectronically and electronically affiliated gadgets, chemically based sensors, nanocomposites and especially energy storage devices (ESD). GN has exhibited propensity to enhance functionalities, and performances, in addition to durabilities of numerous ESD. Conducting polymers (CPs), especially polyaniline (PANI), are polymeric materials where the chain backbone displays elevated π-conjugation in conjunction with metallically, optically, magnetically, and electronically affiliated disposition. In comparison with previously existing review papers, this paper specifically presents recently emerging advancements in synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of PANI@graphene hybrid nanocomposites with special focus on PANI@GN, PANI@GO and PANI@r-GO nanocomposites for ES applications. Market structures are also presented. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A review on polyaniline and graphene nanocomposites for supercapacitors

Efficient energy storage performance of electrochemical supercapacitors based on polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite electrodes

The energy storage performance of fabricated solid state supercapacitor based upon the polyaniline (PANI) sample has been investigated in the present study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have been performed on simple chemistry based synthesized PANI to check the appropriate synthesis of sample with electrochemical analysis. The existence of required fundamental bands in the FTIR spectra of PANI confirms the facial growth of desired PANI sample in its highly conducting form. Scanning electron microscopy investigation designates the cotton-like morphology of prepared sample with particle size in the micro/nanometer range. The energy storage performance of the fabricated supercapacitor is noted using cyclic voltammetry analysis. The significantly high values of specific capacitance and energy density are 193.04 Fg−1 and 107.14 Whkg−1, respectively, for prepared supercapacitor at the scan rate 40 mV/s. The high values of these parameters may be ascribed to high conductivity and low resistance of the supercapacitor. The PANI supercapacitor exhibits the efficient capacitance retention of more than 65% of initial capacitance after 10000 charging-discharging cycles.

Efficient energy storage performance of polyaniline based supercapacitor

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Efficient energy storage performance of electrochemical supercapacitors based on polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite electrodes

Efficient energy storage performance of polyaniline based supercapacitor