Trunk-pelvis coordination during load carriage running.

A systematic review on load carriage assistive devices: Mechanism design and performance evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction The US Army Load Carriage Decision Aid (LCDA) metabolic model is used by militaries across the globe and is intended to predict physiological responses, specifically metabolic costs, in a wide range of dismounted warfighter operations. However, the LCDA has yet to be adapted for vest-borne load carriage, which is commonplace in tactical populations, and differs in energetic costs to backpacking and other forms of load carriage. Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a metabolic model term that accurately estimates the effect of weighted vest loads on standing and walking metabolic rate for military mission-planning and general applications. Methods Twenty healthy, physically active military-age adults (4 women, 16 men; age, 26 ± 8 yr old; height, 1.74 ± 0.09 m; body mass, 81 ± 16 kg) walked for 6 to 21 min with four levels of weighted vest loading (0 to 66% body mass) at up to 11 treadmill speeds (0.45 to 1.97 m·s −1 ). Using indirect calorimetry measurements, we derived a new model term for estimating metabolic rate when carrying vest-borne loads. Model estimates were evaluated internally by k -fold cross-validation and externally against 12 reference datasets (264 total participants). We tested if the 90% confidence interval of the mean paired difference was within equivalence limits equal to 10% of the measured walking metabolic rate. Estimation accuracy, precision, and level of agreement were also evaluated by the bias, standard deviation of paired differences, and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), respectively. Results Metabolic rate estimates using the new weighted vest term were statistically equivalent ( P &lt; 0.01) to measured values in the current study (bias, −0.01 ± 0.54 W·kg −1 ; CCC, 0.973) as well as from the 12 reference datasets (bias, −0.16 ± 0.59 W·kg −1 ; CCC, 0.963). Conclusions The updated LCDA metabolic model calculates accurate predictions of metabolic rate when carrying heavy backpack and vest-borne loads. Tactical populations and recreational athletes that train with weighted vests can confidently use the simplified LCDA metabolic calculator provided as Supplemental Digital Content to estimate metabolic rates for work/rest guidance, training periodization, and nutritional interventions. 

Metabolic Costs of Walking with Weighted Vests

Weight training for junior athletes is not recommended using heavy equipment at the fitness center. Junior athletes need weight training but use safe weights. This study analyzes the Junior Weight Vest (JWV) use on arm muscle strength in Junior Pencak Silat arts athletes. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, with an experimental design using a pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this study consisted of 20 randomly selected Junior Pencak Silat athletes with an age range of 10-15 years. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and instruments. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used quantitative analysis using the Paired Sample T Test and Way ANOVA analysis. The study results show differences in the effect of those who use JWV on the arm muscle strength of Junior Pencak Silat athletes. Second, there is no difference in the effect of those who do not use JWV (Non-JWV) on the arm muscle strength of Junior Pencak Silat arts athletes. Third, there is a difference in the effect on the two groups. It was concluded that JWV in Pencak silat arts training had better results than those who did not use JWV (Non-JWV). The implications of this research are expected to be able to use JWV to improve other physical abilities such as speed, agility, power, and endurance.

The Use of Junior Weight Vest on Arm Strength in Junior Pencak Silat Athletes

Military tactical athletes face the unique task of performing physically demanding occupational duties, often while wearing body armor. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume measured using spirometry have been shown to decrease, while wearing plate-carrier style body armor, little is known about the comprehensive effects of wearing body armor on pulmonary function, including lung capacities. Further, the effects of loaded body armor vs. unloaded on pulmonary function are also unknown. Therefore, this study examined how loaded and unloaded body armor affects pulmonary function. Twelve college-aged males performed spirometry and plethysmography under three conditions (basic athletic attire [CNTL], unloaded plate carrier [UNL], and loaded plate carrier [LOAD]). Compared to CNTL, LOAD and UNL conditions significantly reduced functional residual capacity by 14% and 17%, respectively. Compared with CNTL, LOAD condition also showed a small but statistically significant lowered forced vital capacity (P = .02, d = 0.3), a 6% lower total lung capacity (P < .01, d = 0.5), and lowered maximal voluntary ventilation (P = .04, d = 0.4). A loaded plate-carrier style body armor exerts a restrictive effect on total lung capacity, and both loaded and unloaded body armor affects functional residual capacity, which could impact breathing mechanics during exercise. Resulting endurance performance decreases may need to be factored based on the style and loading of body armor, especially for longer-duration operations.

The Effect of Body Armor on Pulmonary Function Using Plethysmography.

This study evaluated the metabolic cost and stride frequency during exercise while wearing an evenly distributed weight vest in recreationally fit women. Nine healthy women performed a modi...

The effects of a loaded rucksack and weighted vest on metabolic cost and stride frequency in female adults.

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The effects of a loaded rucksack and weighted vest on metabolic cost and stride frequency in female adults.