Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries

The applications of copper (Cu) and Cu-based nanoparticles, which are based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive copper metal, have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, especially in the field of catalysis. The possible modification of the chemical and physical properties of these nanoparticles using different synthetic strategies and conditions and/or via postsynthetic chemical treatments has been largely responsible for the rapid growth of interest in these nanomaterials and their applications in catalysis. In addition, the design and development of novel support and/or multimetallic systems (e.g., alloys, etc.) has also made significant contributions to the field. In this comprehensive review, we report different synthetic approaches to Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles (metallic copper, copper oxides, and hybrid copper nanostructures) and copper nanoparticles immobilized into or supported on various support materials (SiO2, magnetic support materials, etc.), along with their applications i...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00482

Cu and Cu-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis.

It is well known that urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the rapidly increasing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are a major contributor to the formation of secondary pollutants (e.g., tropospheric ozone, PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate), and secondary organic aerosols) and photochemical smog. The emission of these pollutants has led to a large decline in air quality in numerous regions around the world, which has ultimately led to concerns regarding their impact on human health and general well-being. Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for VOC removal from industrial waste streams. This Review systematically documents the progresses and developments made in the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts for VOC oxidation over the past two decades. It addresses in detail how catalytic performance is often drastically affected by the pollutant sources and reaction conditions. It also highlights the primary routes for catalyst deactivation and discusses protocols for their subsequent reactivation. Kinetic models and proposed oxidation mechanisms for representative VOCs are also provided. Typical catalytic reactors and oxidizers for industrial VOC destruction are further discussed. We believe that this Review will provide a great foundation and reference point for future design and development in this field.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-the-catalytic-oxidation-of-volatile-zw2c35dbg7.pdf

Recent Advances in the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review Based on Pollutant Sorts and Sources.

CuO nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications

Pressure-driven ultrafiltration membranes are important in separation applications. Advanced filtration membranes with high permeance and enhanced rejection must be developed to meet rising worldwide demand. Here we report nanostrand-channelled graphene oxide ultrafiltration membranes with a network of nanochannels with a narrow size distribution (3-5 nm) and superior separation performance. This permeance offers a 10-fold enhancement without sacrificing the rejection rate compared with that of graphene oxide membranes, and is more than 100 times higher than that of commercial ultrafiltration membranes with similar rejection. The flow enhancement is attributed to the porous structure and significantly reduced channel length. An abnormal pressure-dependent separation behaviour is also reported, where the elastic deformation of nanochannels offers tunable permeation and rejection. The water flow through these hydrophilic graphene oxide nanochannels is identified as viscous. This nanostrand-channelling approach is also extendable to other laminate membranes, providing potential for accelerating separation and water-purification processes.

/pdf/ultrafast-viscous-water-flow-through-nanostrand-channelled-1y64fqm2a4.pdf

Ultrafast viscous water flow through nanostrand-channelled graphene oxide membranes

A controllable synthesis of various morphologies of CuO nanostructures with tuning by hetero-metal cations has been developed in aqueous solution at room temperature. The morphologies of CuO can be engineered from nanosheets to nanoparticles with different length ratios of the long axis to the short axis. The formation of many metal–ion complexes plays an important role in slowing the release rate of OH− and affects the reaction kinetics further. We found that the effect of hetero-metal cations on the final morphology of the CuO nanostructures was the same as that of the cooling temperature. A series of temperature-controlled experiments demonstrated this. Furthermore, among all the synthesized CuO nanostructures, the fascinating colloidal mesoporous CuO quasi-monocrystalline nanosheets prepared at 25 °C with a thickness of ca. 10 nm and large specific surface area of 80.32 m2 g−1 is investigated intensively. These CuO nanosheets demonstrate a superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation, with features of high CO conversion efficiency (47.77 mmolCO g−1CuO h−1 at 200 °C), which is close to that reported for previously investigated supported-CuO catalysts, and a low apparent activation energy Ea (53.3 kJ mol−1).

Hetero-metal cation control of CuO nanostructures and their high catalytic performance for CO oxidation

Ozone is found to promote the monochlorobenzene (CB) catalytic oxidation over carbon nanotubes supported copper oxide composite up to reaction temperature of 300 °C. Especially at 250 °C, a CB conversion of 99 %, together with a CO2 selectivity of 98 %, was observed. The selective adsorption of CB, the promotion of Cu+ to Cu2+ oxidation, and the combination of O3 and high temperature activated gas phase O2 are all considered to attribute to the high CB conversion and CO2 selectivity at temperature above 250 °C. Effects of O3 on catalytic oxidation of CB over CuOX/CNTs were studied. A CB conversion of 99 % and a CO2 selectivity of 98 % were achieved at 250 °C, which could be mainly attributed to the synergy between the CB oxidation by O3 and activated O2.

Ozone Promotion of Monochlorobenzene Catalytic Oxidation Over Carbon Nanotubes-Supported Copper Oxide at High Temperature

Ordered macroporous nanoparticle thin films are achieved on porous substrates by combining ultrathin metal hydroxide nanostrands, colloidal crystal templates and the advantage of filtration technique. The preformed nanostrands layer plays two key roles for both uniform formation of hexagonal close-packed latex colloidal crystals on macroporous substrate and efficiently filling the interstitial voids of the colloidal crystal templates with nanoparticles. The stacking number of the colloids is simply controlled by the filtration volume. The uniformity of the film was guaranteed by the filtration process. After removing the latex templates and copper hydroxide nanostrand layer, free-standing ordered macroporous nanoparticle films were obtained. The robust free-standing gold nanoparticle films could be easily transferred onto various solid substrates and has potential application for electrodes, surface enhanced Raman detectors and catalyst. This method could be extended for the other ordered macroporous functional nanoparticle thin films.

Filtration-assembling colloidal crystal templates for ordered macroporous nanoparticle films

One dimensional copper hydroxide nanostrands, two dimensional Cu2(OH)3NO3 nanoribbons and three dimensional CuO nanowalnuts were synthesized from the same diluted copper nitrate solution with ethanolamine at room temperature and 10 °C, respectively. The Cu2(OH)3NO3 nanoribbons were formed by slowly hydrolyzing ethanolamine at low temperature. The CuO nanowalnuts were formed through dehydration of copper hydroxide nanostrands in aqueous solution at room temperature. Although their average size is about 500 nm, the specific surface area of the CuO nanowalnuts can be as large as 61.24 m2 g−1, due to their particular morphology with assembling of 8 nm grains. The Cu2(OH)3NO3 nanoribbons were converted to CuO porous nanoribbons, keeping the shape. The catalytic performance of the CuO nanowalnuts for CO oxidation is 160 mL h−1 gcat−1 which is 23 times higher than those of the CuO porous nanoribbons and 40 nm commercial CuO nanoparticles, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the CuO nanowalnuts were also examined in a lithium-ion battery. After 30 cycles, the capacity of the as-prepared CuO nanowalnuts could sustain 67.1% (407 mA h g−1) of the second cycle (607 mA h g−1) at a rate of 0.1 C.

Synthesis of CuO nanowalnuts and nanoribbons from aqueous solution and their catalytic and electrochemical properties.

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Hetero-metal cation control of CuO nanostructures and their high catalytic performance for CO oxidation

Ozone Promotion of Monochlorobenzene Catalytic Oxidation Over Carbon Nanotubes-Supported Copper Oxide at High Temperature

Filtration-assembling colloidal crystal templates for ordered macroporous nanoparticle films

Synthesis of CuO nanowalnuts and nanoribbons from aqueous solution and their catalytic and electrochemical properties.