Background Recently, there is an increasing market trend for innovative functional/power foods and dietary supplements from natural compounds. Therefore the evaluation of potential species that could be used for that purpose is of major importance. Common purslane is such a species due to its high nutritional value, since it is considered the richest plant source in omega-3 fatty acids (especially α-linolenic acid). Scope and approach In this review all the aspects related with chemical composition and health effects of common purslane are presented. Additionally, an overview of cultivation practices and breeding prospects and their effect on quality are also presented. Special interest is given on bioactive compounds such as α-linolenic acid and oxalic acid due to their important effects on human health. Key findings and conclusions Purslane has been used in human diet throughout the centuries, however there are health concerns regarding its oxalic acid content that limit the recommendation of its regular use in human diet. Cultivation practices and breeding selection have been confirmed to allow for managing the content of the main bioactive compounds and consequently increase the added value of the final product. However, further studies are need in order to incorporate purslane in food industry, either as raw, minimally processed and processed food product, or as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements and drugs. In conclusion, the high nutritional and therapeutic value of common purslane should be further capitalized, whereas the application of proper cultivation practices could contribute to this purpose by improving quality.

Phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as affected by crop management practices

The effects of salt-induced stress in drug-type Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), a crop with increasing global importance, are almost entirely unknown. In an indoor controlled factorial experiment involving a type-II chemovar (i.e., one which produces Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ~THCA and cannabidiolic acid ~ CBDA), the effects of increasing NaCl concentrations (1 – 40 mM) was tested in hydroponic and aquaponic solutions during the flowering stage. Growth parameters (height, canopy volume), plant physiology (chlorophyll content, leaf-gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water use efficiency), and solution physicochemical properties (pH, EC and nutrients) was measured throughout the experiment. Upon maturation of inflorescences, plants were harvested and yield (dry inflorescence biomass) and inflorescence potency (mass-based concentration of cannabinoids) was determined. It was found that cannabinoids decreased linearly with increasing NaCl concentration: -0.026% and -0.037% THCA·mM NaCl-1 for aquaponic and hydroponic solutions, respectively. The growth and physiological responses to NaCl in hydroponic – but not the aquaponic solution – became negatively affected at 40 mM. The mechanisms of aquaponic solution which allow this potential enhanced NaCl tolerance is worthy of future investigation. Commercial cultivation involving the use of hydroponic solution should carefully monitor NaCl concentrations, so that they do not exceed the phytotoxic concentration of 40 mM found here; and are aware that NaCl in excess of 5 mM may decrease yield and potency. Additional research investigating cultivar- and rootzone-specific responses to salt-induced stress is needed.

/pdf/aquaponic-and-hydroponic-solutions-modulate-nacl-induced-2z44ndswfb.pdf

Aquaponic and Hydroponic Solutions Modulate NaCl-Induced Stress in Drug-Type Cannabis sativa L.

Calcium deficiency causes susceptibility to physiological diseases in fruits and reduced yield, in addition to generating curling, chlorosis and decreased growth of young leaves. In the present work, it was carried out in 2017, where structural and ultrastructural cellular measurements of avocado leaves were obtained, using a scanning and transmission electron microscope respectively and were correlated with the foliar nutritional concentration. It was observed that the thickness of the leaf, the length of the spongy parenchyma plus epidermis and the length and width of parenchyma in palisade did not have significant involvement with the calcium concentration alone, but with the nutritional relationships: BxCa, KxCa, ZnxCa, Mn/Ca and Ca/Mn. The width of the cell wall was affected by the relations with magnesium: Mn/Ca and Ca/Mn.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7235249.pdf

Cambios celulares en hojas de aguacate con deficiencias de calcio

Salt stress limits productivity of crop plants, and differential responses may be observed among genotypes. Herein we analyzed the effects of saline stress induced by the application of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M NaCl) in a local Mexican variety of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) named ‘Atlapulco’ in vegetative stage. The NaCl concentrations were applied in the Hoagland nutrient solution used in irrigation for 14 days under greenhouse conditions, using perlite as a substrate. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were carried out with the data obtained. NaCl concentrations from 0.50 M reduced canopy coverage 36.8% and stem diameter by almost 21%, while all NaCl doses reduced the leaf area by 28.2%, on average, as compared to the control. Dry stem biomass and chlorophyll b were reduced by the saline gradient. Secondary stems and root length increased with 1.00 M by 23 and 29%, respectively. Proline concentration both in leaves and stems increased by 223.9 and 138%, respectively, when applying 1.00 M NaCl, compared to the control. Applying 0.75 and 1.00 M NaCl reduced N concentrations by 47 and 28.8% in leaf tissues, respectively, compared to the control. The concentrations of P and K in leaves, and K in roots also decreased with the saline treatments, while those of Ca and Mg were not affected in any of the analyzed tissues. The highest concentrations of Na in leaves were observed in doses 0.50 and 0.75 M NaCl, surpassing the control by 67.5 and 73.1%, respectively. The findings reported herein are very useful to propose programs for the recovery of saline soils in the region and design environmental policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change on food production. 

Morphological, biochemical and nutritional variations in a Mexican purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) variety exposed to salt stress during the vegetative stage

Among halophyte plants, Salicornia species (also known as glasswort or sea asparagus) are increasingly grown in open fields and greenhouses for edible or non-edible purposes. Their salinity tolerance makes it possible to irrigate Salicornia plants with saline waters and even seawater, which cannot be used by other crop species. In this work, S. europaea (L.) was cultivated in pots under the typical climatic conditions of the fall season in the Mediterranean region and irrigated with non-saline standard nutrient solution (SNS) or saline wastewater discharged from a greenhouse semi-closed hydroponic (substrate) culture of tomato or a saltwater recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with Gilthead sea bream (Spaurus aurata L., which was used as such or after dilution (50:50) with SNS. Plant growth was not significantly affected by the composition of irrigation water, while higher antioxidant capacity (measured using the DPPH assay) and concentration of photosynthetic pigments, phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid were found in the shoots of SNS plants than in those of plants irrigated with wastewater. The level of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 production significantly increased in the SNS plants, which also showed higher activity of superoxide dismutase and lower activity of catalase. These results suggest that S. europaea can be cultivated using wastewater with moderate to high salinity discharged from greenhouse hydroponic crops or RASs, and that salt is not strictly required for the growth of this species. Using non-saline nutrient solution can result in moderate oxidative stress that improves the shoot quality of S. europaea.

Growing Salicornia europaea L. with Saline Hydroponic or Aquaculture Wastewater

Kong, Y., Rozema, E. and Zheng, Y. 2014. The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1195–1201. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a traditional food crop in some Mediterranean, Central American and Asian countries. Our recent study showed that this crop can be produced hydroponically in NaCl-rich nutrient solutions. Increased NaCl salinity has been found to increase the occurrence of Ca-deficiency related disorders in many horticultural crops. To explore the effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder and the associated impacts on plant growth in purslane, two commercial cultivars ‘Green’ and ‘Golden’ were hydroponically grown in nutrient solutions without Ca for the first 3 wk (Ca-deficiency period) and then in nutrient solutions with added 2.4 mM Ca(NO3)2 for 2 wk (Ca-supplement period). Two levels of NaCl (0 and 10 mM) were used in the above nutrient solutions as the two NaCl treatmen...

The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L.

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The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L.