Sugarcane is classed among those plants having a high water requirement and yet it is drought tolerant. The duty of water for cane is fixed at a minimum of 200 acres (≈ 80 ha). It grows well in areas receiving solar energy from 18 to 36 MJ m−2. Rough estimates show that 80% of water loss is associated with solar energy, 14% with wind and 6% with temperature and humidity. The literature is replete with water requirement studies and values vary from ∼ 1000 to c 3000 mm (Table 6.1) depending on the agro-ecological conditions and crop cycle (12–36 months). The amounts of water required to produce 1 g cane, DM and sugar are 50–60, 135–150 and 1000–2000 g, respectively. The peak water use of 0.75–0.85 cm day−1 is observed during the grand growth phase. In Hawaii, Chang et al. (1965) recorded daily levels of evapotranspiration (ET) of 0.3–0.5 cm in winter and 0.7–0.9 cm in summer. A linear relation exists between water use and DM production, and between ET and yield/sugar (Shih 1985).

Irrigation and Drainage

http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2009/EGU2009-13598.pdf

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Lebanon - a Look Crop Water Consumptive Use

Evapotranspiration is a main component of the water cycle and is important in crop growth. Monthly mean reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is estimated using gene expression programming (GEP) in Basrah City, south of Iraq. Various climatic data, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed are used as inputs of GEP model to estimate the values of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) given by the FAO-56 (Penman-Monteith equation). Nine input combinations tested with GEP are coded as model No. (1-9). Root relative squared error (RRSE) is taken as fitness function in each of GEP models. GEP models with three climatic input variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) take the highest level in the performance. The GEP technique was successfully employed to estimate ETo in the study area. The explicit formulas obtained can be used as powerful models for estimating the mean monthly ETo in the irrigation practices with limited climatic data.

https://www.journals.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kje/article/download/5622/4847

Estimation of monthly mean reference evapotranspiration using gene expression programming

Evapotranspiration Modeling and Forecasting for Efficient Management of Irrigation Command Areas

/pdf/modeling-and-forecasting-evapotranspiration-for-bett-er-udwxn0zs9y.pdf

Modeling and forecasting evapotranspiration for bett er management of irrigation command areas

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Modeling and forecasting evapotranspiration for bett er management of irrigation command areas