介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

Lignocellulosic waste materials are the most promising feedstock for generation of a renewable, carbon-neutral substitute for existing liquid fuels The development of value-added products from lignin will greatly improve the economics of producing liquid fuels from biomass This review gives an outline of lignin chemistry, describes the current processes of lignocellulosic biomass fractionation and the lignin products obtained through these processes, then outlines current and potential value-added applications of these products, in particular as components of polymer composites

Research highlights

The use of lignocellulosic biomass to produce platform chemicals and industrial products enhances the sustainability of natural resources and improves environmental quality by reducing greenhouse and toxic emissions In addition, the development of lignin based products improves the economics producing liquid transportation fuel from lignocellulosic feedstock Value adding can be achieved by converting lignin to functionally equivalent products that rely in its intrinsic properties This review outlines lignin chemistry and some potential high value products that can be made from lignin

Keywords: Lignocellulose materials; Lignin chemistry; Application

Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: Lignin polymers

Due to the increasing detrimental impacts of mass non-renewable plastics over the last decades, cellulose-based materials have been extensively studied as a promising sustainable alternative. Here, we prepare lignocellulosic papers (LBC) from bacterial cellulose (BC) impregnated with lignin, and analyze their mechanical properties, microstructure, and wetting kinetics. We follow a design of experiment analysis to obtain the optimal pressing conditions of the BC and LBC papers, targeted at maximizing the specific ultimate tensile strength and toughness. At optimal conditions, lignin impregnation enhances the absolute modulus, strength, and toughness of BC by 108%, 142%, and 63%, respectively.

The effects of temperature, pressure, and time on lignin incorporation in bacterial cellulose materials

Methane can be stored in biomaterials rapidly in hydrate form with low energy consumption. Considering the high cost of biomaterials (vegetables or fruits), agricultural wastes may be more practical. In this work, the characteristics of methane storage in two low-cost agricultural wastes, eggplant, and static water, are studied and compared. The methane adsorption rates and capacities were greatly enhanced in three biomaterials compared with that in the static water, while only corncob pith maintained relatively high gas adsorption capacity (72 v/v) and adsorption rate (~0.0300 MPa/min) in repeatable gas adsorption-desorption processes. Further investigations on the gas adsorption behavior in the corncob pith revealed that the porous structure of corncob pith generates larger specific surface areas, providing more nucleation sites for hydrate nucleation. In addition, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic performance of corncob pith components also affect the hydrate formation. The porous structure of corncob pith reduces its water activity, which decreases the stability of methane hydrate (~0.6 MPa higher at 273.15 K for equilibrium pressure than bulk phase). These results demonstrate the great gas adsorption performance and mild storage-transportation conditions of low-cost agricultural wastes and provide significant information in promoting their application in gas storage and transportation.

/pdf/methane-adsorption-properties-in-biomaterials-a-possible-3g6bpgd0.pdf

Methane Adsorption Properties in Biomaterials: A Possible Route to Gas Storage and Transportation

This work examined teakwood and parawood in wood/poly(vinyl chloride) composite (WPVC) materials under UV-weathering and seawater immersion. The mechanical properties as well as anti-fungal and anti-algal performance were considered. Teakwood and parawood (a rubberwood product) in WPVC materials at ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0 were investigated. UV-weathering ageing periods of 0 to 32 days and seawater immersion periods of 0 to 90 were studied. Aspergillus niger TISTR 3012 and Chlorella vulgaris TISTR 8580 were used as marine fungi and marine algae, respectively. Higher parawood content (in formulations of 0:100, 20:80 and 40:60) in WPVC composite materials enabled better mechanical properties than those of higher teakwood content (in formulations of 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0). Seawater immersion caused more deterioration of WPVC composite materials than UV-weathering ageing. Both anti-microbial agents and wood particles are potentially used in WPVC composite materials for anti-microbial properties, including the percentage reduction of fungal and algal growth. Increasing UV-weathering ageing and seawater immersion periods decreased the percentage reduction of fungal growth, but increased the percentage reduction of algal growth in WPVC composite materials. The results suggested higher parawood content (in a formulation of 20:80) for WPVC composite materials for coastal environment applications.

pdf/mechanical-performance-and-anti-fungal-and-anti-algal-2u646tt8.pdf

Mechanical performance and anti-fungal and anti-algal properties for teakwood/parawood/PVC composites in UV-weathering and seawater immersion conditions,

The potential of lignin to increase the hydrophobicity of micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC)

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The potential of lignin to increase the hydrophobicity of micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC)