Antecedents and consequences of social media fatigue

This study explored the nature of errors made by drivers when distracted versus not distracted. Participants drove an instrumented vehicle around an urban test route both while distracted (performing a visual detection task) and while not distracted. Two in-vehicle observers recorded the driving errors made, and a range of other data were collected, including driver verbal protocols, forward, cockpit and driver video, and vehicle data (speed, braking, steering wheel angle, etc.). Classification of the errors revealed that drivers were significantly more likely to make errors when distracted; although driving errors were prevalent even when not distracted. Interestingly, the nature of the errors made when distracted did not differ substantially from those made when not distracted, suggesting that, rather than making different types of errors, distracted drivers simply make a greater number of the same error types they make when not distracted. Avenues for broadening our understanding of the relationship between distraction and driving errors are discussed along with the advantages of using a multi-method framework for studying driver behaviour.

An on-road examination of the errors made by distracted and undistracted drivers

Fatigue is an important workplace risk management issue. Within the rail industry, the passing of a stop signal (signal passed at danger; SPAD) is considered to be one of the most major safety breaches which can occur. Train drivers are very aware of the negative consequences associated with a SPAD. Therefore, SPADs provide a practical and applied safety relevant context within which to structure a discussion on fatigue. Focus groups discussing contributing factors to SPADs were undertaken at eight passenger rail organisations across Australia and New Zealand (n = 28 drivers). Data relating to fatigue was extracted and inductively analysed identifying three themes: causes, consequences, and countermeasures (to fatigue). Drivers experienced negative consequences of fatigue, despite existing countermeasures to mitigate it. Organisational culture was a barrier to effective fatigue management. A fatigue assessment tool consistently informed rostering, however, shift swapping was commonplace and often unregulated, reducing any potential positive impact. In discussing fatigue countermeasure strategies, drivers talked interchangeably about mitigating task related fatigue (e.g. increasing cognitive load) and sleepiness (e.g. caffeine). Ensuring the concepts of fatigue and sleepiness are properly understood has the potential to maximise safety.

Causes, consequences and countermeasures to driver fatigue in the rail industry: The train driver perspective

In the context of highly automated driving (HAD) the driver state drowsiness is becoming increasingly important. For assessing the usefulness of different strategies to manage drowsiness during HAD, appropriate test methods are needed. To determine whether a right-hand-drive vehicle (RHDV) is a suitable method, a study with 31 participants was conducted on the motorway A9 in Germany. Two investigators evaluated the drowsiness level (DL) of the participants during the test drive. Depending on the participant’s DL Requests to Intervene (RtI) were triggered. There was no statistically significant influence of drowsiness on take-over-time aspects. Our results indicate that extremely drowsy drivers are still able to perceive and to react to a RtI. However, it should be considered that the take-over scenario used in this study was rather simple and quality aspects could not be assessed by the RHDV-setting. This study demonstrates that it is possible to induce and enhance drowsiness by controlling several influencing factors such as caffeine and atmosphere. Thus, this approach can be helpful for future studies when evaluating the effectiveness of different reactivation or transition strategies to manage drowsiness during HAD.

Highly automated driving: How to get the driver drowsy and how does drowsiness influence various take-over aspects?

Driver fatigue is a significant contributor to motor vehicle accidents and fatalities, although the exact share of those events attributable to fatigue is still uncertain. In 2013, accidents involving heavy trucks killed more than 3,944 people in the United States, with over 80 percent of those killed not in the truck. Numerous factors contribute to driver fatigue among commercial drivers, including shiftwork schedules; high prevalence of alcohol and substance use; extended hours; comorbid medical conditions, such as pain; and high prevalence of sleep disorders. Many of these factors have been studied extensively in the trucking industry. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is another potential factor that may contribute to driver fatigue, but it has received little attention. Beginning in January 2015, Bose Corporation and AIG commissioned the RAND Corporation to study the link between WBV and driver fatigue. This article summarizes the findings from RAND's systematic review of the literature on WBV and fatigue as well as considers appropriate study designs and methodology that will inform new areas of research focused on improving the safety of truckers and those who share the road with them. The literature review identified 24 studies examining the impact of WBV on fatigue or sleepiness. The majority of studies (n = 18) found a significant association between WBV and fatigue or sleepiness; however, there are several limitations of the existing literature that preclude definitive conclusions regarding the impact of WBV on these outcomes. This research concludes with recommendations for future studies to strengthen the evidence base.

/pdf/evaluating-the-impact-of-whole-body-vibration-wbv-on-fatigue-50t2iln4wi.pdf

Evaluating the Impact of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) on Fatigue and the Implications for Driver Safety.

The ability to manage human fatigue in transport operations would be improved by a shared understanding of what fatigue is, how it should be measured, and how it affects safety performance. This may be achieved by a broader operationalization of fatigue, which would allow commonly studied aspects of fatigue to be considered alongside each other, and make explicit those aspects of fatigue that individual studies do and do not account for. According to such an operationalization, fatigue should be measured in terms of experience, physiological state and performance. In studying the effects of fatigue on operators, there would be a need for greater consideration of its longer-term effects, and its motivational aspects. To understand its performance effects would require that an attention to the systematic interaction of sleep history, time of day, time at work, and time on task, in the context of factors describing various aspects of work and non-work life.

What Is Fatigue and How Does It Affect the Safety Performance of Human Transport Operators? Fatigue in Transport Report I

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What Is Fatigue and How Does It Affect the Safety Performance of Human Transport Operators? Fatigue in Transport Report I