Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic. Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers. Support for these putative associations has been challenged, however, on a variety of fronts. The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations. This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled “Sweeteners and Health: Current Understandings, Controversies, Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research”. We conclude based on high quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern, high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits. While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation, the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit.

Relationship between Added Sugars Consumption and Chronic Disease Risk Factors: Current Understanding

.......................................................................................................................... I LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. IV DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS ............................................................................................ V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................. VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 PURPOSE STATEMENT ...................................................................................... 4 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 5 1.5 IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED STUDY ........................... 5 1.6 LIMITATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS .................................................................... 6 1.6.1 Limitations of the study ................................................................................... 6 1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 6 1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE MINI-DISSERTATION ...................................................... 6 1.8.1 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................... 6 1.8.2 Chapter 2: Research methodology and literature review ................................ 7 1.8.3 Chapter 3: Analysis and conclusion ............................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND LITERATURE REVIEW ...................... 8 2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN ...................................................... 8 2.2 THE IMPACT OF SUGAR AND FAT ON HEALTH ............................................. 10 2.2.1 Impact of sugar on health ............................................................................. 11 2.2.2 Impact of fat on health .................................................................................. 14 2.3 GOVERNMENT MEASURES .............................................................................. 16 2.4 USING TAXES TO CHANGE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR .................................. 20

Genetically modified organism taxes as a possible solution to nutrition-related diseases : an explorative study

We at the American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine (AJLM) are delighted to devote an entire issue of AJLM to the Proceedings of the National Meeting of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, which was held from October 27 to 30, 2013, in Washington, DC. I had the pleasure of chairing a plenary session and also moderating an Expert Panel discussion at this annual meeting. Based on what I saw and experienced, I am pleased to report that the lifestyle medicine movement is alive and well and growing exponentially! The theme of the ACLM conference was “The Treat the Cause Movement.” It is clear from the diversity and expertise of the assembled speakers and the passion and knowledge of the audience that the field of lifestyle medicine has grown both broader and deeper over the past 5 years. There is no longer any serious question that the practices and habits that each of us has in our daily lives profoundly affect both our short-term and long-term health and quality of life. It is also clear that for the field of lifestyle medicine to continue to grow and have the impact that it deserves, it must be tied directly to the overwhelming evidence that exists in these areas. We must articulate the important messages of lifestyle medicine to multiple audiences including our patients, the health care medical professions, the media, and public policy makers in the most dynamic and thoughtful way possible. These, of course, were key issues that we had in mind when we founded the American

/pdf/from-the-editor-the-lifestyle-medicine-movement-continues-to-2e3cxivmwv.pdf

From the Editor: The Lifestyle Medicine Movement Continues to Grow and Thrive

Dr Rippe: The American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine (AJLM) is proud to play a role in bringing together these diverse experts in multiple areas of lifestyle medicine to discuss the “The Treat the Cause Movement.” Our goal at AJLM has always been to provide a platform for serious, evidence-based discussion on how issues related to lifestyle impact on both shortand long-term health and quality of life. We recognize that expertise in this area resides in many places and covers numerous bodies of literature. In our expert panel, we are delighted to have individuals with expertise in multiple areas related to lifestyle medicine. Let me briefly introduce our panelists. Each of them is a leading expert in his or her field with numerous accomplishments. I will only briefly highlight several of each of their qualifications: Rosanne Rust, MS, RDN, LDN is a registered, licensed nutritionist with over 25 years of experience in clinical and community nutrition, and currently works as a nutrition communications consultant. Dr Arthur Frank is a world-renowned expert in the field of weight management and obesity treatment. Dr Steven Blair is Professor in the Departments of Exercise Science and Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Arnold School of Public Health, at the University of South Carolina and a widely quoted expert in the area of physical activity and exercise. Dr Wayne Dysinger is the Chair of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Director of the Family and Preventive (Lifestyle) Medicine Residency at Loma Linda University. He is also Medical Director of the Lifestyle Medicine Institute. Dr Michael Parkinson is the Senior Medical Director of Health and Productivity for the UPMC Health Plan and WorkPartners overseeing employer strategies to improve health and competitiveness. He is the former President of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM).

American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Panel Discussion: The Treat the Cause Movement*

Nutrition controversies abound, particularly in an age of vast information and technology. Scientific information is often disseminated so quickly, via news outlets or lay bloggers, that the factua...

Nutrition Controversies Keeping Things in Perspective

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American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Panel Discussion: The Treat the Cause Movement*

Nutrition Controversies Keeping Things in Perspective