E-mobility systems require the provision of efficient, lightweight and durable battery solutions. Here, novel solutions for efficient energy storage are needed, which aim at combining the performance of supercapacitors with structural capabilities realized by the use of functional carbon fibers. To achieve functional carbon fibers, different additives are used to modify carbon fibers starting with the precursor. Polyacrylonitrile blends with nanocellulose, graphene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon have been spun using solvent wet spinning. Different ratios of post-drawing were performed to investigate the influence on the mechanical properties of the precursor fibers. They were characterized by tensile tests and morphological investigations.

Modified polyacrylonitrile fibers manufactured using nanocellulose, graphene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for precursors for functional carbon fibers

For several decades, carbon fibers have been used for lightweight engineering in aircraft automotive and sports industries, mostly based on high-quality polyacrylonitrile (PAN). We investigated a novel PAN-based precursor fiber (PF) modified with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, namely hexabenzocoronene (HBC), which is expected to improve the thermal conversion process and to create a carbon fiber (CF) with enhanced mechanical properties. For this purpose, the novel PF and a spun-like homopolymeric PAN-based PF were thermally stabilized and carbonized in continuous lab-scale plants. The effect of the additive HBC on the conversion processes, fiber diameter and shape, density, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that HBC seems to support stabilization reactions, and HBC/PAN-based PF show potentially higher stretchability of PF and stabilized fiber. The modified CF showed an improvement in Young’s modulus of about 25% at the same tensile strength compared to the unmodified PAN-based CF, resulting from enhanced crystalline orientation. The results showed a high potential of the HBC/PAN for energy-efficient production. In particular, the influence on tensile strength and modulus under optimized process conditions, as well as the possibility to use low quality PAN, need to be further investigated.

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Investigation of the Influence of Hexabenzocoronene in Polyacrylonitrile-Based Precursors for Carbon Fibers

Within carbon fiber manufacturing, stabilization process is the most timeand energy-intensive process, due to the complexity of chemical structure transformation. Therefore, optimization is strictly required to enable cost-efficient stabilization processes. Within this study, for the first time a hybrid semi-parametric model for continuous stabilization is developed to prognose stabilization progress and density of the stabilized fiber. The proposed model takes the process parameters, like dwell time, stabilization temperature and fiber stretching, as well as precursor properties, such as fiber density, into account. Finally, the proposed hybrid semi-parametric model offers a novel plant transferable optimization solution for model-based energy optimization in the stabilization process.

Thermomechanical modeling of the stabilization process for carbon fiber production

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Investigation of the Influence of Hexabenzocoronene in Polyacrylonitrile-Based Precursors for Carbon Fibers

Thermomechanical modeling of the stabilization process for carbon fiber production