Chromosomal aberrations (CA) were used to investigate the level of cytogenetical damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the liquidators in a remote period (6–10 years) after the Chernobyl accident. There was a significantly higher frequency of chromosomal radiation markers (dicentrics and rings) in the peripheral lymphocytes of the liquidators than in the control subjects. No differences between these groups were demonstrated by the micronucleus (MN) test. Increased frequency of chromatid exchanges was associated with the smoking habits of the liquidators.

Increased level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of Chernobyl liquidators 6–10 years after the accident

Basic radiological factors of the Chernobyl accident are reviewed such as radioactivity discharge, the size of contaminated area, radiation dose, radiation risk assessment etc. Roughly estimating, 50-60 % of I and 30-50 % of Cs in the reactor core were released into the environment, which correspond to 40-50 MCi and 2-4 MCi, respectively, as the activities at the time of the accident. The total area in 13 European countries with the Cs contamination more than 1 Ci/km amounts to 190,000 km. The collective thyroid dose for the entire populations in the most affected three countries (Belarus, Ukraine and Russia) is estimated 1.6 × 10 person-Gy. The collective effective dose (excluding thyroid dose) for 5.16 million people living in the main contaminated territories in three countries is estimated 4.26 × 10 person-Sv during 10 years after the accident. Using these collective doses together with radiation risk coefficients of ICRP (1990), 13,000 thyroid cancer and 2,100 other cancer deaths are expected among the corresponding populations. Other articles in this report indicate the followings. About 4,400 cases of radiation-induced thyroid cancer were observed in Belarus by the end of 2000. There are also observed some increasing tendencies of other cancers among inhabitants in the contaminated areas and liquidators. Health deteriorations and mental retardations are observed among the children living in the contaminated areas and having received irradiation in utero. All these findings suggest the necessity of well organized epidemiological studies before giving conclusions about the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident as well as applicability of ICRP radiation risks to the related populations. An interesting map is shown representing dose rate around the Chernobyl NPP on June 1, 1986. Using the dose rate in this map for reconstructing radiation dose for evacuees, the possibility of acute radiation sickness was confirmed among a substantial part of evacuees from some villages within the 30 km zone.

/pdf/recent-research-activities-about-the-chernobyl-npp-accident-4wktgljp8l.pdf

Recent research activities about the Chernobyl NPP accident in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia

Frequency of chromosome aberration was evaluated in 537 persons taken part in amelioration after the accident. The highest rate of aberration was found in covering builders and dosimetric: 3.24 +/- 0.25 and 3.11 +/- 0.43 per 100 cells, respectively. The mean rate of aberrations among the Chernobyl NPP staff was 2.37 +/- 0.20 per 100 cells, in the other examined groups the mean yield of aberration varied from 1.31 to 1.47 per 100 cells. The found aberration rates correspond to the equivalent whole body doses in the range from 131 to 515 mGy as evaluated by the established dose-response curve. In the group of covering builders the individual aberration rates varied more markedly, and corresponded to the equivalent whole body dose up to about 1 Gy. Slides of 27 individuals were checked by an automated dicentric scoring system. The results showed a satisfactory correlation between the frequencies of dicentrics per chromosome detected by routine and computer methods.

The cytogenetic effects in persons who suffered as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

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The cytogenetic effects in persons who suffered as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station