The Cambridge History of Iran: Seleucid Parthian

Preface 1. Embassies and political communication in the post-imperial world 2. The provincial view of Hydatius 3. The hero as envoy: Sidonium Appollinaris's Panegyric on Avitus 4. The saint as envoy: fifth and sixth century Latin bishops' Lives 5. Cassiodorus and Senarius 6. Negotium Agendum Conclusion Appendices Bibliography.

https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/13495/frontmatter/9780521813495_frontmatter.pdf

Envoys and political communication in the late antique West, 411-533

Greek artefacts, craftsmen and artists had penetrated Rome since regal days; from the second century BC this trickle had become a continuing and influential flood, contributing together with Italic and Etruscan architecture and art, and the developing central Italian and Roman concrete architecture, to the rich tapestry of the art of the capital. Vespasian (69-79), founder of the Flavian dynasty, showed an astute pragmatism in his handling of architecture and art. In the provinces the architectural and art forms characteristic of the Flavian era continued to flourish. Dynamism returned to imperial commissions with the Romano-Spanish Trajan. The age of Hadrian (117-38) proved to be extraordinary, largely because of the extent to which he was able to impress upon it his own many-sided personality: ruler, philhellene, architect, dilettante, poet, traveller and romantic. The rich artistic harvest of the Flavian to the Antonine ages was not just an imperial, but a corporate achievement, one which offered a worthy inheritance to following generations.

Art and architecture

Nonostante Ravenna sia stata a lungo considerata come la capitale degli imperatori tardo-romani e dei loro successori in Occidente, Odoacre e i sovrani ostrogoti, l'evidenza disponibile indica che la principale residenza imperiale del quinto secolo era invece a Roma. L'adozione di Ravenna come residenza imperiale e stata generalmente attribuita al fatto che la citta, grazie alle sue paludi, era facilmente difendibile dagli attacchi, ed e stata anche imputata alia debolezza militare degli ultimi imperatori. In questo articolo viene raccolta l'evidenza relativa alle residenze degli imperatori d'Occidente tra il 401 e il 476; essa dimostra che la corte imperiale occidentale occupo Roma in periodi molto significativi, quali quelli compresi tra il 401 e il 408 e il 440 e il 449, e che Roma fu la residenza principale della corte nell'ultimo periodo di dominazione imperiale dell'Occidente, tra il 450 e il 476. Gli ultimi anni d'impero di Valentiniano III e quello di Antemio in particolare indicano il ruolo di Roma come residenza imperiale. Sia le fonti contemporanee che quelle del sesto secolo confermano l'importanza di Roma, mentre indicano scarsi riferimenti alle presunte qualita difensive di Ravenna. La presenza degli imperatori a Roma mette in evidenza la centralita dell'aristocrazia senatoriale di Roma nelle politiche occidentali del quinto secolo.

Rome, Ravenna and the last western emperors

In the Roman social hierarchy, the equestrian order stood second only to the senatorial aristocracy in status and prestige. Throughout more than a thousand years of Roman history, equestrians played prominent roles in the Roman government, army, and society as cavalrymen, officers, businessmen, tax collectors, jurors, administrators, and writers. This book offers the first comprehensive history of the equestrian order, covering the period from the eighth century BC to the fifth century AD. It examines how Rome's cavalry became the equestrian order during the Republican period, before analysing how imperial rule transformed the role of equestrians in government. Using literary and documentary evidence, the book demonstrates the vital social function which the equestrian order filled in the Roman world, and how this was shaped by the transformation of the Roman state itself.

A History of the Roman Equestrian Order

Regesten der Kaiser und Päpste für die Jahre 311 bis 476 n. Chr: Vorarbeit zu einer Prosopographie der christlichen Kaiserzeit

Der Maximaltarif des Diocletian

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Regesten der Kaiser und Päpste für die Jahre 311 bis 476 n. Chr: Vorarbeit zu einer Prosopographie der christlichen Kaiserzeit

Der Maximaltarif des Diocletian