A systematic attempt to summarize the literature that examines working conditions and occupational health among immigrant in Europe and Canada. We established inclusion criteria, searched systematically for articles included in the Medline, Embase and Social Sciences Citation Index databases in the period 2000–2016 and checked the reference lists of all included papers. Eighty-two studies were included in this review; 90% were cross-sectional and 80% were based on self-report. Work injuries were consistently found to be more prevalent among immigrants in studies from different countries and in studies with different designs. The prevalence of perceived discrimination or bullying was found to be consistently higher among immigrant workers than among natives. In general, however, we found that the evidence that immigrant workers are more likely to be exposed to physical or chemical hazards and poor psychosocial working conditions is very limited. A few Scandinavian studies support the idea that occupational factors may partly contribute to the higher risk of sick leave or disability pension observed among immigrants. However, the evidence for working conditions as a potential mediator of the associations between immigrant status and poor general health and mental distress was very limited. Some indicators suggest that immigrant workers in Europe and Canada experience poorer working conditions and occupational health than do native workers. However, the ability to draw conclusions is limited by the large gaps in the available data, heterogeneity of immigrant working populations, and the lack of prospectively designed cohort studies.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-working-conditions-and-occupational-5cnbb98ayq.pdf

A systematic review of working conditions and occupational health among immigrants in Europe and Canada

Factors affecting the integration of immigrant nurses into the nursing workforce: A double hermeneutic study

Burnout is a psychosomatic syndrome characterized by three dimensions (emotional exhaustion [EE], feelings of depersonalization [DP], and reduced personal accomplishment [PA]). We determined the prevalence of burnout and mental health status between HIV/AIDS healthcare workers and other healthcare workers, and determined the factors associated with burnout of HIV/AIDS healthcare workers. All participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The participants were recruited from the departments of infectious diseases in four hospitals which treated HIV/AIDS. The questionnaire included demographics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). A total of 512 questionnaires were distributed; 501 questionnaires were completed and collected (the response rate was 97.9 %). After eliminating nine invalid questionnaires (1.80 %), 264 physicians and nurses caring for HIV/AIDS and 228 physicians and nurses caring for other infectious diseases provided valid responses (98.2 %). The HIV/AIDS healthcare workers’ scores on the emotional exhaustion (F = 6.350, p = 0.012) and depersonalization dimensions (F = 8.533, p = 0.004) were significantly higher than other healthcare workers. The HIV/AIDS healthcare workers had higher total scores and positive items on the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) compared with other healthcare workers. Low job satisfaction, serious somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, poor quality of sleep, high psychoticism scores, and use of negative coping styles were frequently associated with burnout. Burnout was shown to be highly prevalent in HIV/AIDS healthcare workers, 76.9 % of whom met the accepted criteria for burnout. In addition, compared with other healthcare workers, HIV/AIDS healthcare workers experienced lower levels of psychological health. Interventions should be targeted at reducing the occurrence of burnout and alleviating psychological pressure amongst HIV/AIDS healthcare workers.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs12889-016-2890-7.pdf

Prevalence and factors associated with occupational burnout among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study

Many companies target international markets to expand their business. Companies need to manage international teams with a wide variety of skills, knowledge and values to run their business effectively; however, there are many issues of acculturation stress. Not only business travellers and expatriates, but also immigrant workers have issues adjusting to foreign culture. The aim of the present study is to identify the stress factors affecting foreign-born workers via a systematic review. The systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Articles on the subject of workers living abroad, such as immigrants, expatriates and business travellers, were included. The risk of bias in the included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), RoBANS for non-RCT studies, and CASP for qualitative studies. For the systematic review, 45 out of 14,994 articles were analysed. Six components, communication, cultural differences in the workplace, daily life, relationships with family and colleagues, financial problems and social inequality, were extracted. Foreign-born workers are suffering from acculturation and occupational stress. The results of the present study can help greatly with understanding of the stress structure of working abroad.

/pdf/stress-of-working-abroad-a-systematic-review-2n8we6yxjy.pdf

Stress of working abroad: a systematic review

El estudio del estres laboral es de gran interes a nivel mundial y nacional por los efectos negativos que genera en la salud de las personas y las organizaciones. El objetivo de esta investigacion es el analisis del concepto estres laboral, sus modelos explicativos y variables asociadas, teniendo en cuenta investigaciones de los ultimos cinco anos. Para esto se analizan 62 articulos, de los cuales 29 definen el estres de diferentes formas, aunque algunos coinciden en ciertos aspectos, por ejemplo, como una respuesta psico-fisiologica generada a partir de la percepcion amenazante de un estimulo externo; la tension generada ante un factor de riesgo; tambien se fundamenta el concepto desde los modelos explicativos del estres, entre los mas destacados, el modelo de Karasek y Siegrist. Finalmente se resalta la importancia de estos dos modelos por ser el fundamento teorico para la construccion de instrumentos de medicion del estres.

/pdf/estres-laboral-estudio-de-revision-2vraomhw0c.pdf

Estrés laboral: estudio de revisión

Occupational stress is a well researched topic leading to the development of strong, viable models of workplace stress. However, there is a gap in the literature with respect to the applicability of this research to specific cultural groups, in particular those of immigrant status. The present paper reviews the extant literature regarding occupational stress from a multicultural perspective, evaluates the usefulness for existing models in the multicultural context, and discusses current issues with respect to increasing multiculturalism in the work environment. The authors conclude that workforce diversity is emerging as a pressing issue of organizational life and consequently, that future research needs to continue investigating whether current knowledge regarding workplace stress is fitting with the multicultural diversity of the present-day working population.

Occupational Stress in the Multicultural Workplace

Workplaces are becoming increasingly multicultural and therefore, include a large variety of employees from more than one ethnicity, nationality, religious and/or cultural background. In the context of this new global economy, Canadian workplace structure and composition has also permanently changed. Consequently, the primary purpose of this project was to explore occupational stress, mental health and satisfaction (life, job, relationship) as experienced by immigrant individuals attempting to achieve integration into Canadian workplaces. In order to address this research aim, responses of Canadian born participants (N = 42) were compared to those of non-Canadian born participants (N = 42) with respect to a series of questionnaires addressing the variables of interest. Our results suggested that, with the exception of self-reported symptoms of somatization and paranoia, non-Canadian born workers in the fields of education, healthcare and/or social work report more similarities than differences when compared to the responses of Canadian born workers. In general, the findings of this study suggested positive outcomes for non-Canadian born professionals who immigrate into Canada under the economic category.

Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Satisfaction in the Canadian Multicultural Workplace

Firefighters and Spouses: Hostility, Satisfaction, and Conflict

The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of work to self-reported mental health symptoms in fire service members.,In 2004, the first wave of this data collection was completed with all members of a fire department in a small northern center in British Columbia. The members completed a series of questionnaires measuring mental health, personality and satisfaction. Since 2004, all recruit members entering the department have also completed the same set of questionnaires shortly after hiring. Subsequently, in 2016–2017, the full sample, including recruit members, were invited to complete the Wave 2 data collection cycle, which included a set of questionnaires very similar to that collected in Wave 1.,The recruit sample reported significantly fewer mental health symptoms, as compared to career firefighters, at Time 1 (prior to workplace exposure). However, at Time 2 (after workplace exposure), no difference between the groups was evident.,It is possible that recruit firefighters reported more positive mental health because of social desirability bias upon beginning a new job.,These results suggest that service as a firefighter could potentially have an impact on mental health and efforts should be made to mitigate this impact.,To the authors’ knowledge, the current research is the first study that has followed recruit firefighters longitudinally in an effort to prospectively evaluate the impact of workplace exposure on mental health.

Recruit firefighters: a longitudinal investigation of mental health and work

Firefighters (N = 186) from two urban centers completed a set of questionnaires measuring empathy, traumatic stress, mental distress, aggression, world assumptions, and personality. Response rate w...

Firefighters and Empathy: Does It Hurt to Care Too Much?

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