A semiconductor device includes a gate electrode formed on a silicon substrate via a gate insulation film in correspondence to a channel region, source and drain regions of a p-type diffusion region formed in the silicon substrate at respective outer sides of sidewall insulation films of the gate electrode, and a pair of SiGe mixed crystal regions formed in the silicon substrate at respective outer sides of the sidewall insulation films in epitaxial relationship to the silicon substrate, the SiGe mixed crystal regions being defined by respective sidewall surfaces facing with each other, wherein, in each of the SiGe mixed crystal regions, the sidewall surface is defined by a plurality of facets forming respective, mutually different angles with respect to a principal surface of the silicon substrate.

Semiconductor device and fabrication method thereof

This invention is method of recovering gas from a gas-bearing subterranean formation (11) in which gas is produced from an upper portion of the formation (11) and a waste gas is injected into a lower portion of the formation (11) to dispose. The waste gas is injected within a 3000 ft (914 m) radial distance from the production of the gas. The injection and production can be carried out using one well or a plurality of wells.

Acid gas disposal method

Provided are apparatus and systems having a poppet valve assembly and swing adsorption separation techniques related thereto. A poppet valve includes a valve body, a plurality of static valves fixedly secured to the valve body and a single dynamic poppet valve having a plurality of openings. The plurality of static valves align and mate with the plurality of openings. The single dynamic poppet valve reciprocates to selectively open and close the plurality of static valves.

Apparatus and systems having a reciprocating valve head assembly and swing adsorption processes related thereto

An adsorber with minimal dead volume especially suited to reverse-flow applications comprises: a) an adsorber body; b) a first head engaged with said adsorber body; c) a first conduit extending from outside said head to at least partially through said head; and d) a first valve in flow communication with said first conduit controlling fluid flow along a flow path extending from the first valve and through the adsorber body. The adsorber is especially suited for use in a process for swing adsorption separation processes.

Integrated Adsorber Head and Valve Design and Swing Adsorption Methods Related Thereto

Helium is a unique gas with a wide range of important medical, scientific and industrial applications based on helium's extremely low boiling temperature, inert and non-flammable nature and small molecular size. The only practical sources of helium are from certain natural gas (NG) fields. As world demand for helium rapidly increases, the value of NG fields that contain it even in very small amounts is likely to rise significantly if the helium can be recovered efficiently. However, recovering the helium from the NG using conventional cryogenic distillation processes is expensive and energy intensive. We review the scope for improving the efficiency of the conventional helium recovery and upgrade processes, and evaluate the potential of emerging technologies based on adsorption or membrane separations for helium upgrade and purification. Helium recovery and purification processes are comparable in many ways with systems designed for hydrogen purification and thus, many of recent technological advances for...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/0263-6174.32.1.49

A review of conventional and emerging process technologies for the recovery of helium from natural gas

A process for the separation/recovery of gases is described where the desired component to be separated from the gaseous mixture is present in low/very low molar amount and/or low/moderate pressure, the process comprising contacting the gaseous mixture with a separation membrane unit containing high permeability/medium selectivity membranes which separate the feed stream into a permeate stream, enriched in the desired component and at a lower pressure and a retentate stream lean in the desired component and at a higher pressure The retentate stream is made to convey its pressure to the permeate stream which then is directed to an adsorption PSA unit for further purification of the permeate stream so that the effluent stream from the PSA unit which contains the purified component has a purity of up to 9990% The process is useful for separating hydrogen from refinery off gases such as FCC gases and can also be applied to other gases such as helium and any other valuable gases present in gaseous streams in low to very low molar contents and low to moderate pressures

Process for the separation/recovery of gases

Process for separating and/or recovering gases from gas and/ or gas vapour mixtures (11) by means of a membrane separating device (12, 16) to which the gasand/or gas vapour mixture (11) is supplied, the latter being separated in the membrane separating device (12, 16) into a permeate (14, 18), which is enriched with gas, and a retentate (13, 17), which is deplet-ed of gas. A first membrane separating device (b) (12) and a downstream second membrane separating device (a) (16) are provided, to which is supplied (at its inlet end) the retentate (13) from the first membrane separating device (b) (12), the first membrane separating device (b) (12) having a membrane (15) which is selective for higher hydrocarbons in the gas and/or gas vapour mixture (11) to be separated and in that the second membrane separating device (a) ( 16) has a membrane (19) which is selective for gases of small molecular diameter.

Multi-stage process for the separation/recovery of gases

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Process for the separation/recovery of gases

Multi-stage process for the separation/recovery of gases