羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

目的 探讨CD25单抗在无血缘关系造血干细胞移植（UHSCT）中对干细胞植入和移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的作用。方法 27例UHCST中，移植后1、4d给予CD25单抗1mg/kg。结果 27例中，除1例早期死亡外，26例患者造血全部重建。17例发生急性GVHD，其中Ⅱ度以上急性GVHD6例（23％）。复发3例，严重感染3例。26例可评价患者中，19例无病生存（73％）。结论 CD25单抗在UHSCT中对保证干细胞植入和预防GVHD有肯定的作用，白血病复发并不增加。此研究为UHCST和HLA不合的造血干细胞移植提供一个可选择的途径。

The Languages of Native North America. Marianne Mithun. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 773 pp.

The Languages of Native North America

Eating and Healing is aimed at exploring the idea that food can heal. The underlying argument of the volume is that, around the world, indigenous and rural people do not separate food and medicine, but rather consider them in a continuum. From the use in Spain of herbal teas as digestive beverages, to the antioxidant properties of Tibetan foods, we learn that the continuum concept is not unique to a single culture, but a common way in which humans use the natural environment. The various chapters of the volume describe a range of wild and semi-domesticated foods that traditionally have been used both as food and medicine. Although most chapters focus on the use of wild and semi-domesticated plants, the consumption of other foods (i.e., fish, mushrooms, seaweed) suggests that the overlapping nature of food and medicine is not particular to the plant kingdom, but a common way of conceptualizing. The publication of this volume is timely. The book appears at a moment in which the use of food as medicine is gaining attention among the general public in Western society. The volume, however, presents a refreshing perspective of the link between food intake and health. While medical doctors recommend the intake of dietary supplements and food scientists work to develop new “miraculous” foods (such as the golden rice) containing the nutrients lacking in many diets, this book is a call to go back to the essentials, to look at the local resources around us, and to consider the cultural context interwoven with the consumption of foods and medicines. As a whole, however, the volume does not present an overly optimistic and simplistic approach. Throughout the book, different authors point at three potential caveats of generalizing the ingestion of traditional foods as medicines. First, plants that are highly nutritious also have the potential to be highly toxic, so it is not possible to generalize their consumption without further inspection. Second, the eating of traditional foods and medicines is culturally prescribed and their intake disregarding the cultural system associated to them can result in a loss of effectiveness. Last, promoting the consumption of wild foods as medicines can increase the demand of those foods with potential pernicious effects on their sustainable use because of overextraction. By addressing the interface between food, medicine, and culture, Eating and Healing fills an important gap in ethnobiological research. The volume, however, would have benefited from including more quantitative contributions testing the various hypotheses presented. For example, quantitative data should allow researchers to test whether, in fact, people maintaining traditional diets enjoy better health. Future studies on the topic would benefit from using quantitative methods to test the relations between food and medicine. Victoria Reyes-García Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambiental Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain Victoria.Reyes@uab.es

First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies

Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery found in many of the world’ sl anguages They are noted for their special forms, distinct grammatical behaviour, rich sensory meanings, and interactional uses related to experience and evidentiality This review surveys recent developments in ideophone research Work on the semiotics of ideophones helps explain why they are marked and how they realise the depictive potential of speech A true semantic typology of ideophone systems is coming within reach through a combination of language-internal analyses and language-independent elicitation tools Documentation of ideophones in a wide variety of genres as well as sequential analysis of ideophone use in natural discourse leads to new insights about their interactional uses and about their relation to other linguistic devices like reported speech and grammatical evidentials As the study of ideophones is coming of age, it sheds new light on what is possible and probable in human language

/pdf/advances-in-the-cross-linguistic-study-of-ideophones-400rr1wjk4.pdf

Advances in the Cross‐Linguistic Study of Ideophones

Contact details: Institutional Home/correspondence Research Fellow CISPAL Overseas Development Institute 8, Guest Road 111, Westminster Bridge Road Cambridge CB1 2AL London, SE1 7JD United Kingdom United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone/Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Tel +44 (0) 207-922-0313 Personal Web Page: http://www.cispal.fsnet.co.uk Fax +44 (0) 207-922-0399 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk Web Page: http://www.org.odi.uk/staff/r.blench

/pdf/you-can-t-go-home-again-pastoralism-in-the-new-millennium-uuiibnww46.pdf

'You can't go home again' Pastoralism in the new millennium

The Malagasy language is generally considered part of the Barito languages of Borneo and these, in turn, have recently been linked to the Sama-Bajaw group. The dispersal of the Sama-Bajaw in the seventh century was impelled by the expansion of the Śrīvijaya Malay. Although there is evidence for Austronesian navigators crossing the Indian Ocean prior to 0 AD, they came from a different region of SE Asia, and were not associated with the settlement of Madagascar. The origin of Bantu words in the Malagasy lexicon has been attributed to a wide scatter of East African languages, but it appears that the source of nearly all of them is the Swahili/Sabaki group, which would have dominated the incipient trading networks in this region from the seventh and eighth centuries onwards. This paper takes as a case study the terminology of domestic animals, all of which appears to derive from languages of the Swahili group, except for nineteenth century introductions. Recent zoogeographic research also suggests the translocation of domestic and wild species across the Mozambique Channel and between the islands; and the Malagasy name for the wild pig, lambo, which reflects Austronesian names for ‘bovine’. A provisional list of Malagasy borrowings from Sabaki languages is given in an appendix.

/pdf/the-austronesians-in-madagascar-and-their-interaction-with-2twaqx4ukl.pdf

The Austronesians in Madagascar and Their Interaction with the Bantu of the East African Coast: surveying the Linguistic Evidence for Domestic and Translocated Animals

/pdf/position-paper-the-dimensions-of-ethnicity-language-and-zp4xt7vbwb.pdf

Position paper: the dimensions of ethnicity, language and culture in nigeria

Both the silk-cotton (Ceiba pentandra) and the baobab (Adansonia digitata) are widely associated with human settlement in West Africa and neither species is part of the ‘natural’ vegetation but owe their distribution to human activity. The paper reviews the ethnobotany of both species and the evidence for their dispersal in both prehistoric and historical times. The vernacular names seem to have been exchanged between species to another in areas where the trees co-exist. The paper analyses the biogeographical and linguistic evidence and suggests that the accepted models are at best problematic.

/pdf/the-intertwined-history-of-the-silk-cotton-and-baobab-jlsw2n2rtf.pdf

The intertwined history of the silk-cotton and baobab

If agriculture cannot be reconstructed for proto-sino- tibetan what are the consequences?

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