Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of some new organotin(IV) derivatives: Crystal structure of [(Sn Ph3) (OOCC6H4OH)] and [(SnMe3)2 (OOC)2C6Cl4 (DMSO)2]

Fluorine-containing bioactive benzimidazoles

Counts of citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.)) on leaves and fruit of citrus rose to a peak in the two dry seasons, the build up taking 4-5 weeks. It then decreased partly through infection by the entomogenous fungus Hirsutellathompsonii Fisher and partly through a decline in feed quality. The low counts in the wet seasons were associated with rain rather than humidity, temperature or infections by H. thompsonii. Spraying with suspensions of fragmented mycelium of H. thompsonii (mass concentration 0.5-1.0 g litre -1 ) prevented the build up of citrus rust mite.The severity of greasy spot (Stenella sp.) was positively correlated with counts of citrus rust mite. Defoliation of citrus trees after greasy spot infection was associated with high counts of mite.Control of citrus rust mite (with chlorobenzilate: mass concentration of a.i. 2 g litre -1 at 500 litre ha -1 ) was warranted when 25% of fruit or 15% of leaves bore at least one mite per lens field (1.5 cm 2 ). Greasy spot could be controlled by preventing build-ups of citrus rust mite.

/pdf/interrelations-between-citrus-rust-mite-hirsutella-1ptb9zsxw0.pdf

Interrelations between citrus rust mite, Hirsutella thompsonii and greasy spot on citrus in Surinam

Einfache Verbindungen aus dem Bereich der anorganischen Chemie werden schon seit fruhester Zeit dazu verwandt, Pflanzen vor Pilzbefall und bakteriellen Er- krankungen zu schutzen. Schon sehr lange als Fungizide verwendet werden der Schwefel und Schwefelverbindungen, wie Sulfide und Polysulfide sowie einfache Metallsalze. Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der anorganischen Fungizide ist auch heute noch sehr gros.

Spezieller Teil: Chemie der Fungizide

Chlorinated bisphenol antibacterial and antifungal agents are potent inhibitors of torula yeast glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Several compounds were tested, including hexachlorophene [HCP; 2,2'‐methylenebis(3,4,6‐trichlorophenol)]; 2,2'‐oxybis(tetrachlorophenol); 2’,4‐dihydroxy‐2,3,3’,5,5’ ,6‐hexachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'‐methylenebis(3,4‐dichlorophenol) (3,4‐TCP); bithionol [2,2'‐thiobis(4,6‐dichlorophenol)]; 2,2'‐methylenebis(3,5‐dichlorophenol); 2,2'‐dihydroxy‐3,3'5,6,6'‐pentachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'‐methylenebis(4‐chlorophenol) (DCP); 2,2'‐methylenebis(4,6‐dichlorophenol); and the related uncoupler 2,4‐dinitrophenol. The relative inhibitory activity of the chlorinated bisphenols tended to increase with degree of chlorination of the aromatic rings. The concentrations of the bisphenols that caused 50% inhibition ranged from 2.5 μM for 2,2'‐oxybis(tetrachlorophenol) to 40 μM for 2,2'‐methylenebis(4,6‐dichlorophenol) under comparable assay conditions. More detailed kinetic analysis showed...

Effects of chlorinated bisphenols on torula yeast glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase

The word "Nabac" is a trademark of the Nationwide Chemical Corporation. It is used to designate formulations of hexachlorophene [2,2'methylene-bis (3,4,6 trichlorophenol)] that are intended for agricultural use. Nabac(? was first tested against citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.) in a routine trial of new materials conducted during July and August of 1963. Since then, Nabac has been tested in a dozen other field trials. The results of these experiments are summarized here.

Hexachlorophene for Citrus Rust Mite Control

In August of 1962, Morestan (formerly Bayer 36205) was included in a routine initial trial of six new compounds against citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead). The performance of Morestan in this test was excellent (Table 1) and led to other tests, not only against citrus rust mite, but also against citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), and Texas citrus mite, Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor), as well. This paper summarizes what has been learned about the value of Morestan for control of some of the mites that feed on Florida citrus.

Control of Citrus Rust Mite, Citrus Red Mite, and Texas Citrus Mite with Morestan

Seventeen acaricides were tested against Texas citrus mite, Eutetranychus banksi (McG.) in two experiments conducted on young `Valencia' orange trees. The standard acaricides dicofol, oil, carbophenothion, and ethion were less effective than the experimental acaricides Hercules 14503, S-(2-choro-1-phthalimidoethyl) 0,0-diethyl phosphorodiehioate; Dowco 213, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide; N-4543, 0-isopropyl S-(phthalimidomethyl) ethyl phosphonodithioate; R.P. 11974, S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzoxazolinyl) methyl] 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate; and NC-5016, 5,6-dichloro-1-phenoxycarbonyl-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole.

Control of Texas Citrus Mite with New Acaricides

Although the fate of spray residues under grove conditions is of importance to citrus growers, little is known about the effect of wind, rain, and sunlight on the efficiency of insecticidal deposits. For example, the application of parathion to citrus trees is often followed, or even interrupted, by rain. It has not been known if removal of the insecticidal deposit by rain reduced control of purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.) sufficiently to make respraying advisable. In 1952, a research program was initiated to obtain information on this problem. As the aim of this research was to determine what reduction in control of purple scale could be expected from rain falling at predetermined intervals after application of parathion, the use of natural rainfall was impractical. Again, the physical characteristics of rainfall could not be duplicated under grove conditions with the equipment available. It was assumed that removal of parathion residues from citrus trees by spraying them with water would be more nearly complete and effect scale control more than would a natural rain falling at the same interval after the application of the spray. Therefore, an attempt was made to wash all parathion from sprayed trees, with the idea that if such removal of residues did not reduce scale control, neither would reduction of residues by natural rain. All trees in three experiments were sprayed with 1.7 pounds of 15 percent parathion wettable powder and 5.0 pounds of wettable sulfur per 100 gallons of spray, except for one set of plots in Experiments II and III. These were sprayed with 5.0 pounds of wettable sulfur per 100 gallons of spray, the parathion being omitted. Wettable sulfur was used in all sprays for the control of rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.). The interval between the application of parathion sprays and the removal of toxic residues by washing the trees with water was recorded for each plot. Plots sprayed with parathion but not washed were used as the standard or check. Washing was

Effect of Rain on Control of Purple Scale with Parathion

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Hexachlorophene for Citrus Rust Mite Control

Control of Citrus Rust Mite, Citrus Red Mite, and Texas Citrus Mite with Morestan

Control of Texas Citrus Mite with New Acaricides

Effect of Rain on Control of Purple Scale with Parathion