http://www.pfalzmed.de/pdf/Resuscitation%202008%20Dr.%20Bernhard.pdf

Comparison of two intraosseous infusion systems for adult emergency medical use

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10903120601021036

The role of intraosseous vascular access in the out-of-hospital environment (resource document to NAEMSP position statement).

High energy trauma is rare and, as a result, training of prehospital care providers often takes place during the real situation, with the patient as the object for the learning process. Such training could instead be carried out in the context of simulation, out of danger for both patients and personnel. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the development and foci of research on simulation in prehospital care practice. An integrative literature review were used. Articles based on quantitative as well as qualitative research methods were included, resulting in a comprehensive overview of existing published research. For published articles to be included in the review, the focus of the article had to be prehospital care providers, in prehospital settings. Furthermore, included articles must target interventions that were carried out in a simulation context. The volume of published research is distributed between 1984- 2012 and across the regions North America, Europe, Oceania, Asia and Middle East. The simulation methods used were manikins, films, images or paper, live actors, animals and virtual reality. The staff categories focused upon were paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), medical doctors (MDs), nurse and fire fighters. The main topics of published research on simulation with prehospital care providers included: Intubation, Trauma care, Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Ventilation and Triage. Simulation were described as a positive training and education method for prehospital medical staff. It provides opportunities to train assessment, treatment and implementation of procedures and devices under realistic conditions. It is crucial that the staff are familiar with and trained on the identified topics, i.e., intubation, trauma care, CPR, ventilation and triage, which all, to a very large degree, constitute prehospital care. Simulation plays an integral role in this. The current state of prehospital care, which this review reveals, includes inadequate skills of prehospital staff regarding ventilation and CPR, on both children and adults, the lack of skills in paediatric resuscitation and the lack of knowledge in assessing and managing burns victims. These circumstances suggest critical areas for further training and research, at both local and global levels.

/pdf/mapping-the-use-of-simulation-in-prehospital-care-a-1ixb2p7b7s.pdf

Mapping the use of simulation in prehospital care - a literature review.

Introduction: Intraosseous access (IO) is indicated if vascular access cannot be quickly established during resuscitation. Complication rates are estimated to be low, based on small patient series, model or cadaver studies, and case reports. However, user experience with IO use in real-life emergency situations might differ from the results in the controlled environment of model studies and small patient series. We performed a survey of IO use in real-life emergency situations to assess users’ experiences of complications. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to Scandinavian emergency physicians, anesthesiologists and pediatricians. Results: 1,802 clinical cases of IO use was reported by n=386 responders. Commonly reported complications with establishing IO access were patient discomfort/pain (7.1%), difficulties with

https://escholarship.org/content/qt6js6w38r/qt6js6w38r.pdf?t=ozeqe1

Complication with intraosseous access: scandinavian users' experience.

I ntraosseous i nfusion

Intraosseous infusion: Success of a standardized regional training program for prehospital advanced life support providers

Noninvasive transcutaneous cardiac pacing in prehospital cardiac arrest

Prehospital Administration of Rectal Diazepam in Pediatric Status Epilepticus

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Intraosseous infusion: Success of a standardized regional training program for prehospital advanced life support providers

Noninvasive transcutaneous cardiac pacing in prehospital cardiac arrest

Prehospital Administration of Rectal Diazepam in Pediatric Status Epilepticus