Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement

Review of wearable thermoelectric energy harvesting: From body temperature to electronic systems

This paper reports on the design and operation of a flexible power source integrating a lithium ion battery and amorphous silicon solar module, optimized to supply power to a wearable health monitoring device. The battery consists of printed anode and cathode layers based on graphite and lithium cobalt oxide, respectively, on thin flexible current collectors. It displays energy density of 6.98 mWh/cm(2) and demonstrates capacity retention of 90% at 3C discharge rate and ~99% under 100 charge/discharge cycles and 600 cycles of mechanical flexing. A solar module with appropriate voltage and dimensions is used to charge the battery under both full sun and indoor illumination conditions, and the addition of the solar module is shown to extend the battery lifetime between charging cycles while powering a load. Furthermore, we show that by selecting the appropriate load duty cycle, the average load current can be matched to the solar module current and the battery can be maintained at a constant state of charge. Finally, the battery is used to power a pulse oximeter, demonstrating its effectiveness as a power source for wearable medical devices.

/pdf/high-performance-flexible-energy-storage-and-harvesting-1r2xl7o99z.pdf

High-performance flexible energy storage and harvesting system for wearable electronics.

In recent years, wearable devices have attracted attention because of their ability to enhance the quality of life. This disruptive technology has helped healthcare professionals with intervening early in chronic diseases, especially amongst independently living patients, and has facilitated real-time monitoring of patients’ vital signs remotely. One of the major bottlenecks that hamper the adoption of wearable device is the continuous power supply. Most wearable devices solely depend on battery supply. When the energy stored in the battery is depleted, the operation of wearable devices is affected. To overcome this limitation, efficient energy harvesters for wearable devices are crucial. The paper primarily aims to present a comprehensive classification of different energy sources that can be capitalized to power wearable devices. In addition, this research paper deals with the key challenges that must be considered in the development of autonomous wearable devices for telemedicine applications with a proposed system design for wearable device that uses energy harvesting technology.

Energy Harvesting For Wearable Devices: A Review

In this paper we describe the mobile health (m-health) system in the context of Internet of Things (IoT). We describe the fundamental characteristics of m-health devices such as compactness, IP connectivity, low-power consumption and security. We discuss acquisition of mobile health data via medical gadgets and wearables and application of this data in monitoring various health conditions such as blood sugar level, ECG, blood-pressure, asthma, etc. Security is very critical for IoT based m-health system. We address the issues of confidentiality, privacy, and security in the context of secure m-health system. We listed several measures to protect the information of patients and m-health system. The m-health system will benefit the patients in many ways such as quick diagnosis, remote monitoring and home rehabilitation. Overall m-health system will significantly reduces healthcare cost and unnecessary hospitalizations.

Mobile Health (m-Health) System in the Context of IoT

We present a wearable sensor system consisting of a wristband and chest patch to enable the correlation of individual environmental exposure to health response for understanding impacts of ozone on chronic asthma conditions. The wrist worn device measures ambient ozone concentration, heart rate via plethysmography (PPG), three-axis acceleration, ambient temperature, and ambient relative humidity. The chest patch measures heart rate via electrocardiography (ECG) and PPG, respiratory rate via PPG, wheezing via a microphone, and three-axis acceleration. The data from each sensor is continually streamed to a peripheral data aggregation device, and is subsequently transferred to a dedicated server for cloud storage. The current generation of the system uses only commercially-off-the-shelf (COTS) components where the entire electronic structure of the wristband has dimensions of 3.1×4.1×1.2 cm3 while the chest patch electronics has a dimensions of 3.3×4.4×1.2 cm3. The power consumptions of the wristband and chest patch are 78 mW and 33 mW respectively where using a 400 mAh lithium polymer battery would operate the wristband for around 15 hours and the chest patch for around 36 hours.

Wearable wireless sensors for chronic respiratory disease monitoring

We present a solar-powered, wireless, wrist-worn platform for continuous monitoring of physiological and environmental parameters during the activities of daily life. In this study, we demonstrate the capability to produce photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals using this platform. To adhere to a low power budget for solar-powering, a 574 nm green light source is used where the PPG from the radial artery would be obtained with minimal signal conditioning. The system incorporates two monocrystalline solar cells to charge the onboard 20 mAh lithium polymer battery. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is used to tether the device to a smartphone that makes the phone an access point to a dedicated server for long term continuous storage of data. Two power management schemes have been proposed depending on the availability of solar energy. In low light situations, if the battery is low, the device obtains a 5-second PPG waveform every minute to consume an average power of 0.57 mW. In scenarios where the battery is at a sustainable voltage, the device is set to enter its normal 30 Hz acquisition mode, consuming around 13.7 mW. We also present our efforts towards improving the charge storage capacity of our on-board super-capacitor.

/pdf/solar-powered-wrist-worn-acquisition-system-for-continuous-4lmotqg0oy.pdf

Solar powered wrist worn acquisition system for continuous photoplethysmogram monitoring

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Wearable wireless sensors for chronic respiratory disease monitoring

Solar powered wrist worn acquisition system for continuous photoplethysmogram monitoring