For next-generation smart cities, small UAVs (also known as drones) are vital to incorporate in airspace for advancing the transportation systems. This paper presents a review of recent developments in relation to the application of UAVs in three major domains of transportation, namely; road safety, traffic monitoring and highway infrastructure management. Advances in computer vision algorithms to extract key features from UAV acquired videos and images are discussed along with the discussion on improvements made in traffic flow analysis methods, risk assessment and assistance in accident investigation and damage assessments for bridges and pavements. Additionally, barriers associated with the wide-scale deployment of UAVs technology are identified and countermeasures to overcome these barriers are discussed, along with their implications.

Applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in road safety, traffic and highway infrastructure management: Recent advances and challenges.

Multifaceted applicability of drones: A review

Widespread adoption of green vehicles in urban logistics may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming, and oil dependency. However, the current adoption of green vehicles in the last mile logistics is relatively low despite many actions taken by public authorities to overcome the negative externalities of distributing goods in cities. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on studies investigating the adoption of green vehicles in urban freight transportation, paying specific attention to e-commerce. To shed light on the adoption of green vehicles in city logistics, the paper conducts a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. The 159 articles reviewed were classified into the following: (a) Optimization and scheduling (67 papers); (b) policy (55 papers); (c) sustainability (37 papers). Among the 159 articles, a further selection of 17 papers dealing with e-commerce, i.e., studies that highlight the most relevant aspects related to the integration of green vehicles in e-commerce urban logistics, was performed. Our findings indicate that green vehicles are competitive in urban deliveries characterized by frequent stop-and-go movements and low consolidation levels while incentives are still necessary for their adoption. The use of autonomous vehicles results the most promising and challenging solution for last-mile logistics.

The adoption of green vehicles in last mile logistics: A systematic review

This study investigates the capabilities, performance outcomes, and barriers of drones applied to humanitarian logistics (HL). A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize prior research on drones and cumulatively identify current knowledge gaps which require further investigation. In order to identify the relevant literature on the topic, a rigorous research protocol was applied for the retrieval and selection processes. In total, 142 publications fulfilled the selection criteria and were thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this review paper summarize the capabilities, barriers and performance outcomes of humanitarian drones applied to logistics operations, management, and governance in a comprehensive framework. More specifically, three important capabilities (i.e., transportation and delivery; surveying and monitoring; communication and integration), three performance outcomes (i.e., flexibility and responsiveness; cost reduction; sustainability) and adoption barriers in three areas (i.e., technology; organization; environment) were identified. Based on these findings, future research directions are derived for the capabilities of humanitarian drones, their performance outcomes, and their respective barriers. This study analyzes potential applications of drones in the humanitarian field and presents a comprehensive agenda that structures and guides further research on the topic.

Humanitarian Drones: A Review and Research Agenda

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gaining considerable interest in transportation engineering in order to monitor and analyze traffic. This systematic review surveys the scientific contributions in the application of UAVs for civil engineering, especially those related to traffic monitoring. Following the PRISMA framework, 34 papers were identified in five scientific databases. First, this paper introduces previous works in this field. In addition, the selected papers were analyzed, and some conclusions were drawn to complement the findings. It can be stated that this is still a field in its infancy and that progress in advanced image processing techniques and technologies used in the construction of UAVs will lead to an explosion in the number of applications, which will result in increased benefits for society, reducing unpleasant situations, such as congestion and collisions in major urban centers of the world.

/pdf/urban-traffic-monitoring-and-analysis-using-unmanned-aerial-34italwd.pdf

Urban Traffic Monitoring and Analysis Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Systematic Literature Review

Delivery drones and ‘air taxis’ are currently among the most intensely discussed emerging technologies, likely to expand mobility into the ‘third dimension’ of low-level airspace. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 111 interdisciplinary publications (2013 - 03/2019). The review systematizes the current socio-technical debate on civil drones for transportation purposes allowing for a (critical) interim assessment. To guide the review process four dimensions of analysis were defined. A total of 2581 relevant quotations were subdivided into anticipated barriers (426), potential problems (1037), proposed solutions (737) and expected benefits (381). We found that the debate is characterized by predominantly technical and regulatory problems and barriers which are considered to prevent or impede the use of drones for parcel and passengers transportation. At the same time, definite economic expectations are juxtaposed with quite complex and differentiated concerns regarding societal and environmental impacts. Scrutinizing the most prevalent transportation-related promises of traffic reduction, travel time saving and environmental relief we found that there is a strong need to provide scientific evidence for the promises linked to the use of drones for transportation. We conclude that the debate on drones for transportation needs further qualification, emphasizing societal benefits and public involvement more strongly.

/pdf/drones-for-parcel-and-passenger-transportation-a-literature-1od4bt914i.pdf

Drones for parcel and passenger transportation: A literature review

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a global disruption of unprecedented scale which was closely associated with human mobility. Since mobility acts as a facilitator for spreading the virus, individuals were forced to reconsider their respective behaviors. Despite numerous studies having detected behavioral changes during the first lockdown period (spring 2020), there is a lack of longitudinal perspectives that can provide insights into the intra-pandemic dynamics and potential long-term effects. This article investigates COVID-19-induced mobility-behavioral transformations by analyzing travel patterns of Berlin residents during a 20-month pandemic period and comparing them to the pre-pandemic situation. Based on quantitative analysis of almost 800,000 recorded trips, our longitudinal examination revealed individuals having reduced average monthly travel distances by ∼20%, trip frequencies by ∼11%, and having switched to individual modes. Public transportation has suffered a continual regression, with trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term reduction of ∼50%, and a respective decrease of traveled distances by ∼43%. In contrast, the bicycle (rather than the car) was the central beneficiary, indicated by bicycle-related trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term increase of ∼53%, and travel distances increasing by ∼117%. Comparing behavioral responses to three pandemic waves, our analysis revealed each wave to have created unique response patterns, which show a gradual softening of individuals' mobility related self-restrictions. Our findings contribute to retracing and quantifying individuals' changing mobility behaviors induced by the pandemic, and to detecting possible long-term effects that may constitute a "new normal" of an entirely altered urban mobility landscape. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100668

Mobility in pandemic times: Exploring changes and long-term effects of COVID-19 on urban mobility behavior

Waiting (for Departure)

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit von Drohnenlieferungen zur Verbesserung der ländlichen Nahversorgung am Beispiel der Brandenburgischen Flächengemeinde Wusterhausen/Dosse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der rechtliche Rahmen sowie die technischen Möglichkeiten durchaus die Umsetzung eines Lieferkonzeptes ermöglichen, welches den lokalen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel stärken und die Versorgungsbedarfe der Bevölkerung adressieren kann. Allerdings stehen die aktuellen Anschaffungs- und Betriebskosten einer marktwirtschaftlichen Machbarkeit des Anwendungsfalls entgegen. Da sinkende Kosten in den nächsten Jahren insbesondere für die Fernüberwachung der Drohne zu erwarten sind, könnte eine automatisierte, drohnengestützte Nahversorgung jedoch künftig an praktischer Relevanz für strukturschwächere Regionen gewinnen. Dabei wird in der ko-kreativen Planung des Lieferbetriebes mit lokalen Stakeholdern die notwendige Voraussetzung zur Hebung dieser Potenziale im Einklang mit bürgerschaftlichen Interessen gesehen. 

/pdf/machbarkeitsstudie-zur-verbesserung-der-landlichen-2bkpp81y.pdf

Machbarkeitsstudie zur Verbesserung der ländlichen Nahversorgung mit Lieferdrohnen

“Horror” or “dark” predictions, e.g. worst-case situations for the future, once well-grounded in terms of accuracy and well-related to the real world situation, could have a very high motivational effect, e.g. a didactical function, especially if they are largely debated well beyond the stakeholder milieu. We argue that in the cases here presented, dark scenarios often lead to activities to avoid their realization. The example of the European transport industry in the period from the 1960’s-1980’s – largely described in this essay - confirms this argument. A broad analysis of historical and present dark forecasts in the field of transport clearly shows how they indicated “no-go” paths, while the “bright” scenarios did offer “go-this-way” perspectives. This didactic impact of scenarios as a policy instrument was especially strong when dissemination targeted a wider audience, beyond the client and the stakeholders. We argue that the same principles work in the field of security scenarios, although this would need additional investigation.

Didactical Functions of Dark and Bright Scenarios: Examples from the European Transport Industry

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