해외산업간호정보 - 미국 산업안전보건연구원(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) 소개

Objectives This systematic review aimed to identify published observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures in occupational settings and evaluate them with reference to the needs of different users. Methods We searched scientific databases and the internet for material from 1965 to September 2008. Methods were included if they were primarily based on the systematic observation of work, the observation target was the human body, and the method was clearly described in the literature. A systematic evaluation procedure was developed to assess concurrent and predictive validity, repeatability, and aspects related to utility. At least two evaluators independently carried out this evaluation. Results We identified 30 eligible observational methods. Of these, 19 had been compared with some other method(s), varying from expert evaluation to data obtained from video recordings or through the use of technical instruments. Generally, the observations showed moderate-to-good agreement with the corresponding assessments made from video recordings; agreement was the best for large-scale body postures and work actions. Postures of wrist and hand as well as trunk rotation seemed to be more difficult to observe correctly. Intra- and inter-observer repeatability were reported for 7 and 17 methods, respectively, and were judged mostly to be moderate or good. Conclusions With training, observers can reach consistent results on clearly visible body postures and work activities. Many observational tools exist, but none evaluated in this study appeared to be generally superior. When selecting a method, users should define their needs and assess how results will influence decision-making.

/pdf/systematic-evaluation-of-observational-methods-assessing-35hxg91xxz.pdf

Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work

Dataset storage, exchange, and access play a critical role in scientific applications. For such purposes netCDF serves as a portable, efficient file format and programming interface, which is popular in numerous scientific application domains. However, the original interface does not provide an efficient mechanism for parallel data storage and access. In this work, we present a new parallel interface for writing and reading netCDF datasets. This interface is derived with minimal changes from the serial netCDF interface but defines semantics for parallel access and is tailored for high performance. The underlying parallel I/O is achieved through MPI-IO, allowing for substantial performance gains through the use of collective I/O optimizations. We compare the implementation strategies and performance with HDF5. Our tests indicate programming convenience and significant I/O performance improvement with this parallel netCDF (PnetCDF) interface.

/pdf/parallel-netcdf-a-high-performance-scientific-i-o-interface-4lcm4z9p77.pdf

Parallel netCDF: A High-Performance Scientific I/O Interface

The Adult Spine: Principles and Practice

The prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is very important in the world. Governments and companies are the most interested. The objective of the present work is to review the literature on the applications of the OWAS method in the diverse sectors or fields of knowledge and countries from its publication to March 2017. The use of OWAS method has been classified by categories of knowledge, by country and by year. The search was made by selecting only the main collection of the Web of Science. This was selected by the option "Advanced search" using the term OWAS (ts=OWAS) for the time period of 1900 to 2017. A total of 166 results were found, consisting of conference papers and articles in scientific journals. In conclusion, the OWAS has been applied mainly in two sectors: "Manufacturing industries" and "Healthcare and Social assistance activities". This method needs to be complemented with other indirect or direct methods. Also, whenever the OWAS has been used, whether individually or together with other methods, musculoskeletal disorders risks have been detected, this perhaps being an indicator to review the evaluation parameters because overestimating the risk.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/55/4/55_2016-0191/_pdf

Musculoskeletal disorders: OWAS review.

A schemata for 3-D reconstructions from images of serial sections of biological tissues is presented. A classification map is constructed from statistical analysis of populations of n-tupled image pixels. 1-tuples are assigned optical properties such as refractive index, optical density, hue, and saturation. Image sections are transformed into classified sections using the map and then stacked. The data set is processed by a program cognizant of the laws of polychromatic white light propagation through space.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Of Tissues And Organs From Sections At The National Center For Supercomputing Applications

Microenvironments which can be sampled using clinical imaging devices have distinct physical chemical characteris-tics. Clinical diagnostic procedures have, for some time, exploited these characteristics to highlight relations, con-tinuity of structure, and coloration in tissue samples. As demonstrated by our experience with decision support systems for polysomnography, rather simple inferential engines can recognize the same sorts of characteristics which have been exploited in pathologic procedures to assign properties to voxels in a clinical image.

Establishing Stereometric Co-Ordinates In Humans For Surfacing, Registering And Coloring Display

This study investigated the ability of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) to measure the risk of low back injury as verified by employee health outcomes. In addition, several basic risk factors and combinations of risk factors presumed related to low back disorders were explored. The RNLE was modified to allow analysis of one-handed and two-handed, asymmetric lifts. Predictive performance was not changed. Simplifying the RNLE by removing several variables did not significantly reduce the RNLE's predictive performance. These modifications to the RNLE show promise for increasing both the usability and utility of the RNLE.

Evaluation and quantification of manual materials handling risk factors.

Occupational low back pain (LBP) remains a leading safety and health challenge. This cross-sectional investigation measured the prevalence of LBP in residential carpenters and investigated ergonomic risk factors. Ninety-four carpenters were investigated for LBP presence and associated risk factors. Ten representative job-tasks were evaluated using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and ErgoMaster™ 2D software to measure elements of posture, stress, and risk. Job-tasks were found to differ significantly for total lumbar compression and shear at peak loading (p < .001), ranging from 2 956 to 8 606 N and 802 to 1 974 N respectively. OWAS indicated that slight risk for injury was found in 10 job-tasks while distinct risk was found in 7 of the 10 job-tasks. Seven of the 10 job-tasks exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) action limit of 3 400 N for low back loading. The point prevalence for LBP was 14% while the annual prevalence was 38%.

/pdf/low-back-pain-among-residential-carpenters-ergonomic-vrl8673ssc.pdf

Low back pain among residential carpenters: ergonomic evaluation using OWAS and 2D compression estimation.

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Papers

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Of Tissues And Organs From Sections At The National Center For Supercomputing Applications

Establishing Stereometric Co-Ordinates In Humans For Surfacing, Registering And Coloring Display

Evaluation and quantification of manual materials handling risk factors.

Low back pain among residential carpenters: ergonomic evaluation using OWAS and 2D compression estimation.