The JET 2019–2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019–2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (α) physics in the coming D–T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D–T benefited from the highest D–D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER.

Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation

A series of discussions on tritiated water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FD-NPS) was carried out. A large amount of contaminated water has been generated in FD-NPS. Radioisotopes ...

Discussions on Tritiated Water Treatment for Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

The public acceptability of emerging industrial technologies can affect their chances of commercial success. In large, demographically diverse samples from the United Kingdom (N = 438) and Germany (N = 390), we show for the first time the stigmatizing impact that the proposed use of depleted uranium (DU) as a tritium fuel storage option for nuclear fusion has upon public attitudes towards nuclear fusion. Participants’ attitudes towards nuclear fusion in both cohorts were assessed at four time points within an online questionnaire-based survey: pre-information about nuclear fusion (Time 1); post-information about fusion (Time 2); pre-information about DU (Time 3); and post-information about DU (Time 4). Attitudes towards nuclear fusion were generally more positive in the UK; however, both the UK and German cohorts showed a similar ‘flip-flop’ pattern in opinions over time. Specifically, an initial improvement in attitudes (Time 1 – Time 2), which was taken as evidence of the value of delineating nuclear fusion from nuclear fission, was followed by a significant downturn (Time 2 – Time 3) upon the announcement that DU would be involved in fuel-storage. This downturn in attitudes was tied to participants’ initial negative cognitive and affective evaluations of DU. The stigmatizing impact was found to partially reverse (Time 3 – Time 4) following the provision of information about the nature and purpose of DU within fusion. The study findings have clear implications for public engagement and communication efforts relating to current and future nuclear fusion demonstration projects.

The social acceptance of fusion: Critically examining public perceptions of uranium-based fuel storage for nuclear fusion in Europe


 A remote viewing system located outside the biological shield wall to image the divertor region in JET is presented here. This paper focuses on the optical and mechanical design of the installation of a line of sight which is capable of imaging the divertor over an optical distance of approximately 31 metres. In addition, it includes the experience obtained during operations and it demonstrates its successful performance. This line of sight was the second viewing system used during the D-T campaign and it follows from the paper dedicated to the remote wide angle view line of sight which is also compatible with D-T operations and includes common elements to the construction of the two lines of sight. The main novel feature is the design in house of two glass reinforced plastic kinematic mounts standing vertically to each accommodate a mirror of 500 mm in diameter.

Remote infrared view of JET divertor compatible with D-T operations

Dose rates and specific activities of Li2CO3 pellets and diamond detectors irradiated during TT and DTE2 campaigns at JET.

Technical rehearsal of tritium operation at JET

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Technical rehearsal of tritium operation at JET