The main purpose of this study was to examine the critical factors influencing university teachers' use of a mobile technology-enhanced teaching (MTT) platform during the new coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. An integrated model with multiple factors drawing from the theoretical models and learning theories was proposed in this study to examine university teachers' intentions to use an MTT platform. The multiple factors included the individual factor (e.g., growth mindset, help seeking, and self-efficacy), the social factor (e.g., social norms), and the technological acceptance factor (e.g., perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use). The survey method was used to collect data on university teachers' perceptions of the MTT platform use, and a two-step structural equation modeling approach was used for the data analysis. Based on the path analysis of a total of 214 valid responses, the results identified that growth mindset, help seeking, and self-efficacy from the individual factor, as well as perceived usefulness from the technology acceptance factor were the significant determinants of university teachers' intentions to adopt the MTT. The contributions of this study are twofold. First, the proposed model was derived from multiple literature sources, providing a sound theoretical foundation to understand MTT platform use from an academic angle. Second, university teachers' viewpoints are a unique observation of their actual platform use, providing practical insights into the improvement and maintenance of MTT-related platforms for all educators. The findings are especially valuable during the post-COVID-19 era.

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Factors influencing university teachers' use of a mobile technology-enhanced teaching (MTT) platform.

Office hours are one of the most common support mechanisms found in courses. Despite the prevalence of office hours in life sciences classes, there has been little investigation of how science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students perceive office hours, particularly at non–research intensive universities or other institutions where a majority of students attend office hours. We surveyed more than 500 students, representing most life sciences majors at a comprehensive university, to investigate their motivations and barriers for attending office hours. We then compared instructors’ perceptions to students’ conceptions of office hours. We identified key themes in student and instructor comments using inductive, grounded theory, finding that students view a more limited range of benefits for office hours than instructors. Students likewise cited a larger number of barriers for attending than instructors perceived. In addition, while there were minimal differences in rates of office hours attendance and perception of office hours based on key demographic factors, we identify areas where students of different class years and gender perceive differences, suggesting areas of future research. Finally, we explored students’ views of in-person versus online office hours, providing insight for instructors to better reach all students.

Student Motivations and Barriers toward Online and In-Person Office Hours in STEM Courses

Motivation is an essential factor influencing learners’ active participation in STEM subjects and their decision to study STEM fields. This study aimed to determine the current state of research on motivation and STEM and systematically review the current research in the literature. The study examined 78 articles published in journals indexed in the SCOPUS database. Two researchers collected and analyzed the data using the content analysis method. The results showed that the first research on motivation and STEM were published in 2008, and most research papers were published in 2021. The results also showed that most studies were conducted in the United States (47.8%), and the preferred participants were undergraduates (28.1%), high school students (26.7%), and middle school students (14%), respectively. In addition, the results revealed that researchers primarily used the quantitative method to collect data, and a substantial ratio of the studies (83%) investigated student-level factors. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that there is a need to comprehensively present the main research results on motivation in STEM education. We suggest that future research should examine databases such as ERIC, ProQuest, and Web of Science and include other documents in the analysis, including book chapters, conference papers, dissertations, and theses.

Exploring the role of motivation in STEM education: A systematic review

In this pandemic situation, educational institutions are trying to co-operate students in continuing learning without face-to-face interaction. Teachers have online teaching readiness with their own organizational capacities, motivation, and interactive capacities and use online teaching strategies to satisfy students' needs and desires. In fact, the study aimed to assess the effect of organizational capacity, motivation, or intervention capacity on online teaching readiness and satisfaction of students’ learning during COVID-19 broke out or future unforeseen circumstances. 90 teachers and 135 students participated in an online survey and responded the online teaching readiness questionnaire and e-learning satisfaction scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to evaluate the online teaching readiness and online learning satisfaction models. A partial correlation matrix, CMIN, CFI, PCFI; NCP, FMIN, RMSEA, AIC, and ECVI was generated by the AMOS 21.0 program to calculate path coefficients and the overall model fit. The authors claimed that organizational capacity, motivation, and intervention capacity significantly relate to teachers' online teaching readiness. Synchronous e learning (e.g., Skype/Zoom/WebEx) results of the direct effects of students’ learning performance, need satisfaction, openness to learning, self-concept, self-pace, problem solving, self-assessing, love of learning, creativity, and motivation

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Organizational capacity, motivation, or intervention capacity?: Are these affects online teaching readiness and need satisfaction of students

Problem-solving skills are highly valued in modern society and are often touted as core elements of school mission statements, desirable traits for job applicants, and as some of the most complex thinking that the brain is capable of executing. While learning to problem-solve is a goal of education, and many strategies, methodologies, and activities exist to help teachers guide the development of these skills, there are few formal curriculum structures or broader frameworks that guide teachers toward the achievement of this educational objective. Problem-solving skills have been called “higher order cognitive functions” in cognitive neuroscience as they involve multiple complex networks in the brain, rely on constant rehearsal, and often take years to form. Children of all ages employ problem solving, from a newborn seeking out food to children learning in school settings, or adults tackling real-world conflicts. These skills are usually considered the end product of a good education when in fact, in order to be developed they comprise an ongoing process of learning. “Ways of thinking” have been studied by philosophers and neuroscientists alike, to pinpoint cognitive preferences for problem solving approaches that develop from exposure to distinct models, derived from and resulting in certain heuristics used by learners. This new theory paper suggests a novel understanding of the brain’s approach to problem solving that structures existing problem-solving frameworks into an organized design. The authors surveyed problem-solving frameworks from business administration, design, engineering, philosophy, psychology, education, neuroscience and other learning sciences to assess their differences and similarities. This review lead to an appreciation that different problem-solving frameworks from different fields respond more or less accurately and efficiently depending on the kinds of problems being tackled, leading to our conclusion that a wider range of frameworks may help individuals approach more varied problems across fields, and that such frameworks can be organized in school curriculum. This paper proposes that explicit instruction of “mental frameworks” may help organize and formalize the instruction of thinking skills that underpin problem-solving–and by extension–that the more such models a person learns, the more tools they will have for future complex problem-solving. To begin, this paper explains the theoretical underpinnings of the mental frameworks concept, then explores some existing mental frameworks which are applicable to all age groups and subject areas. The paper concludes with a list of five limitations to this proposal and pairs them with counter-balancing benefits. 

A Theory of Mental Frameworks

Psychological theories of motivation and performance are relevant to teaching and learning in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. The present study applies Dweck's mindset theory of motivation to an examination of the relationship among instructor mindset, instructor motivational attitudes, and the use of effective teaching practices. Faculty members who teach undergraduate courses in STEM disciplines completed a survey designed to assess fixed versus growth mindset, mastery orientation (measures of motivation and efficacy), and teaching practices. Results supported a model consistent with Dweck's theory of motivation, whereby mastery orientation mediates the relationship between instructor mindset and teaching behaviors. It appears that this psychological theory of motivation may be helpful in understanding teaching and learning in STEM disciplines. More research using a variety of measures and teaching contexts is necessary before full applicability can be realized.

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Mindset, Motivation, and Teaching Practice: Psychology Applied to Understanding Teaching and Learning in STEM Disciplines

This paper examines a novel approach to honoring faculty through a low-stakes, low-cost teaching award. It describes the development and implementation of the award at Augusta University, considers the advantages of the award as a means to promote teach-ing excellence, and reports on data assessing the award’s impact on recipients and nominees.

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An Innovative Award Catches Faculty in the Act of Great Teaching

This chapter evaluates two models of Reacting to the Past (RTTP) implementation of the Modernism vs. Traditionalism: Art in Paris, 1888–89 game. The authors examined the impact of different configurations for employing the game in larger courses: the first configuration pairs students so that a single role is played by two students working together, while in the second configuration, students who did not receive a specific historical role in the game act as journalists and produce a bulletin that reports on game-day events. Although the authors’ primary interest was the effect of the different approaches to the game on measurable student learning, they considered students’ perceptions of the experience via their self-reported assessments of engagement and learning, looking for measureable differences between the engagement of the students who took more active roles in the game.

The Crowded Streets of Paris: Using RTTP in Less-Than-Ideal Situations

This article describes how limitations of the human information processing system impact learning, and proposes that cognitive load theory (CLT) deserves more attention in educational development as a tool to respond to challenges posed by these limitations. Furthermore, we suggest that CLT can be used categorize and explain the effectiveness of many evidence- based teaching practices currently in use.

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Maximizing learning using cognitive load theory

Geselliges Vergnügen. Kulturelle Praktiken von Unterhaltung im langen 19. Jahrhundert ed. by Anna Ananieva, Dorothea Böck und Hedwig Pompe (review)

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