The animal estate: The English and other creatures in the Victorian age

List of publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland published in 2019

This review explores why phenomenology has been such a popular theme in landscape archaeology in the last two decades—and why it has also provoked anger and controversy. The article concentrates less on the philosophical essence of phenomenological traditions than on their practical applications and context, particularly within British landscape archaeology. Criticisms of phenomenological approaches are reviewed and suggestions for future research made. The review concludes that research into landscape and human subjectivity will continue to be a strong research theme, whether or not such work explicitly derives its theoretical approach from phenomenology.

Phenomenological Approaches in Landscape Archaeology

This bibliography is meant to include all signifi cant books, articles and reviews published in any branch of Anglo-Saxon studies during 2010, as well as entries omitted from previous bibliographies. It excludes reprints unless they contain new material. The year of publication of a book or article is 2010 unless otherwise stated. The arrangement and the pages on which the sections begin are as follows:

Bibliography for 2010

Long-term studies across Europe have clarified the eco-cultural nature of landscapes and their biodiversity, and the importance of bio-cultural heritage. This raises issues of the nature of ‘Nature’ for example, and of how perceptions of ‘natural’ landscapes may be misleading. Indeed, the lack of understanding of how ecological systems and their biodiversity relate to the cultural nature of landscapes is hugely problematic. Whilst wilder ‘futurescapes’ offer many benefits, the underlying concepts frequently confuse abandonment of ‘eco-cultural landscapes’ with ‘re-wilding’. The ending of traditional and customary uses and utilisation of landscapes mistakenly seen as re-naturing or re-wilding, and inherently a beneficial change, may threaten the conservation of important bio-cultural heritage. The reality of landscape heritage is that much biodiversity relates to long-term, predictable, sustainable, traditional uses. The ending of such traditions has now happened in many regions and taking place rapidly across much of Europe. Sudden, dramatic and often unexpected changes occur and massive declines of biodiversity result. With environments transformed by human activity, the eco-cultural landscapes in traditional or customary management hold much of the most significant wildlife resources. The ending of traditional and customary management, termed ‘cultural severance’ (Rotherham 2008), is probably the most serious threat for nature conservation in the twenty-first century, at least in the medium-term, the impacts exceeding those of climate change. The transformations now happening also have major implications for rural human communities and their economies. Observational studies and cross-disciplinary research across Europe highlights the urgent need to recognise the eco-cultural nature of landscapes and to establish inventories and conservation programmes for important bio-cultural heritage. This paper results from long-term historical research, scientific analysis of case studies, and international researcher collaborations to present ideas and paradigms relating to emerging concepts and visions.

/pdf/bio-cultural-heritage-and-biodiversity-emerging-paradigms-in-1zkl5n1npd.pdf

Bio-cultural heritage and biodiversity: emerging paradigms in conservation and planning

Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of medieval castles have transformed the subject over the last quarter of a century and taken it away from its militaristic roots. In Medieval Archaeology 51 (2007) Colin Platt published an article that reasserted defence as the primary motivation in castle building. This paper suggests that continuing 'defence vs symbolism' debates are detrimental to the subject, which needs to develop a distinctive research agenda of its own but also foster greater links with complementary fields of scholarship.

Fighting Yesterday's Battle: Beyond War or Status in Castle Studies

This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive scientific study of the fallow deer, a non-native species whose medieval-period introduction to Britain transformed the cultural landscape. It brings together data from traditional zooarchaeological analyses with those derived from new ageing techniques as well as the results of a programme of radiocarbon dating, multi-element isotope studies and genetic analyses. These new data are here integrated with historical and landscape evidence to examine changing patterns of fallow deer translocation and management in medieval England between the 11th and 16th century AD.

/pdf/wild-to-domestic-and-back-again-the-dynamics-of-fallow-deer-1bptjd9s4z.pdf

Wild to domestic and back again: the dynamics of fallow deer management in medieval England (c. 11th-16th century AD)

The Medieval Park: New Perspectives

This article challenges the assumption that deer parks were introduced into England at the time of the Norman Conquest. One of the earliest and most important sources for deer parks is Domesday Book. Domesday refers to deer enclosures either as 'parks' or 'hays', but there is little evidence to suggest that this reflected any variation in English and Norman approaches to deer management. Rather, the evidence suggests that the way in which the Domesday Inquest was conducted was largely responsible for differences in terminology. In a few cases, it can be shown that pre-Conquest deer enclosures survived as parks in the Anglo-Norman landscape and it is argued here that such continuity across 1066 may have been widespread. It is suggested that there may have been a much closer association between the Anglo-Saxon and Norman deer enclosures than has previously been supposed and that the origins of the English deer park should be sought before the Norman Conquest.

The Deer Parks of Domesday Book

This paper reviews the evidence for sophisticated designed landscapes in medieval England. It argues that the claims made for such landscapes have been exaggerated, and suggests that while medieval elites clearly altered the surroundings of their residences on a grand scale, such activity was generally concerned with the display of symbols of lordly status, usually involving the control of superior resources of production. There is little evidence for the complex approaches, carefully composed views, contrived sylvan settings or abstract aesthetic schemes suggested by many archaeologists, and ‘designed landscape’ is a term best reserved for post-medieval contexts.

There by Design? Some Reflections on Medieval Elite Landscapes

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