Philosophia antiqua: a series of studies on ancient philosophy

The women of Greece whose learning is related in the Cnidian treatises that form part of the Hippocratic Collection had observed the principal symptoms of infections of the female genital tracts Fear of these infections and of sterility seem to have been stronger than the desire for contraception They examined themselves looked for symptoms and had some effective means of treatment They supposed that in orgasm they emitted sperm which played vital part in procreation Aristotle disagreed denying both the necessity of female orgasm and the role of the sperm in conception Soranos in 1st century AD Rome adapted this knowledge of the female body to the requirements of an aristocratic Malthusian society which the Augustan laws constrained to marriage and procreation Progress in gynaecology better maternal and neo-natal care were the fruit of these legal and social conditions In world in which the question of the superiority of virginity was held to be of vital importance medicine offered form of sexual hygiene Galen in the 2nd century AD drew attention to the relation between troubles affecting single women and the absence of sexual relations thereby acknowledging the strength of female desire

Observation féminine et idéologie masculine : le corps de la femme d'après les médecins grecs

Publisher Summary Aziridine is a well-known three-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom. The outstanding characteristic of aziridine is its high reactivity to a wide variety of both electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to give the more stable ring-opened or ring-expanded amines, a property that stems from the release of the strain energy inherent in a small ring. This chapter summarizes the application of aziridines as intermediates to the synthesis of natural products that do not contain an aziridine ring. The synthesis of crinine, one of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids is based on an iodide ion-catalyzed rearrangement of N-ketovinylaziridines to Δ 1 -pyrroline. Sendaverine and corgoine are the only two naturally occurring 2-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. One of their syntheses involves a key ring-opening reaction of an aziridinium salt. Application of the ring-opening reaction of an aziridinium salt as a key step in the synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids by Kametani also leads to the investigation of the construction of an erythrinan skeleton.

Application of Aziridines to the Synthesis of Natural Products

The great german Scholar, Eduard Zeller, suggested that the reference to male and female in Parmenides B12.5-6 was probably an allusion to the physical principles of ‘mortal opinion’: Night and Light. This suggestion has been rejected by some scholars because such an association would lead us to admit that, in B12, male was associated with Night and female with Light, a theory which would be at odds with the supposed misogyny of Greek culture. However, Parmenides’ account of ‘mortal opinion’ certainly associates male with coldness and density, the attributes of Night, and female with hotness and greater rarity, the attibutes of Light. The aims of this paper are, then, first, to show that the association of female with Light and of male with Night is in fact right; and secondly to investigate the main dualistic features of Parmenides’ ‘mortal opinion’ (embryology, sleep, death, knowledge) in relation to this theme. This will lead us, finally, to focus our attention on the Proem, which introduces us to a world full of female divinities, among whom – beyond the gates of the ways of day and night – is the unnamed goddess who will initiate her young male auditor into the two ‘ways’.

Lumière et Nuit, Féminin et Masculin chez Parménide d’Elée : quelques remarques

This volume gathers specific investigations dealing with some of the main topics of the research on Democritus: the catalogue of works, music, literary criticism, technics, zoology and the relation to medicine, physics, epistemology, posterity.

Democritus: science, the arts, and the care of the soul

Le niveau de la science hippocratique : Contribution a la psychologie de l'histoire des sciences

Hippocrate. Tome XI. De la Génération, De la Nature de l' enfant, Des Maladies IV, Du Foetus de huit mois

Hippocrate. Tome VI. 2e Partie. Du régime des maladies aiguës, Appendice, De l'aliment, De l'usage des liquides

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Le niveau de la science hippocratique : Contribution a la psychologie de l'histoire des sciences

Hippocrate. Tome XI. De la Génération, De la Nature de l' enfant, Des Maladies IV, Du Foetus de huit mois

Hippocrate. Tome VI. 2e Partie. Du régime des maladies aiguës, Appendice, De l'aliment, De l'usage des liquides