EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

Frustration and Aggression

Background : 
Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and
comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times.
Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among healthcare workers.
Method : 
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases were searched
without language restriction on April 2019, with the following keywords: suicide* AND
(« health care worker* » OR physician* OR nurse*). When possible, we stratified results by
gender, countries, time, and specialties. Estimates were pooled using random-effect metaanalysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified metaanalysis and meta-regression. Suicides, suicidal attempts, and suicidal ideation were
retrieved from national or local specific registers or case records. In addition, suicide
attempts and suicidal ideation were also retrieved from questionnaires (paper or internet).
Results : 
The overall SMR for suicide in physicians was 1.44 (95CI 1.16, 1.72) with an important heterogeneity (I2 = 93.9%, p<0.001). Female were at higher risk (SMR = 1.9; 95CI 1.49, 2.58;
and ES = 0.67; 95CI 0.19, 1.14; p<0.001 compared to male). US physicians were at higher
risk (ES = 1.34; 95CI 1.28, 1.55; p <0.001 vs Rest of the world). Suicide decreased over
time, especially in Europe (ES = -0.18; 95CI -0.37, -0.01; p = 0.044). Some specialties might
be at higher risk such as anesthesiologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners and general
surgeons. There were 1.0% (95CI 1.0, 2.0; p<0.001) of suicide attempts and 17% (95CI 12,
21; p<0.001) of suicidal ideation in physicians. Insufficient data precluded meta-analysis on
other health-care workers.
Conclusion : 
Physicians are an at-risk profession of suicide, with women particularly at risk. The rate of
suicide in physicians decreased over time, especially in Europe. The high prevalence of physicians who committed suicide attempt as well as those with suicidal ideation should benefits
for preventive strategies at the workplace. Finally, the lack of data on other health-care
workers suggest to implement studies investigating those occupations.

/pdf/suicide-among-physicians-and-health-care-workers-a-2krd6srvoj.pdf

Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and mental health consequences of physical and psychological violence for clinical nurses working in healthcare settings in Taiwan. Background. Registered nurses working in hospitals in Taiwan report high incidences of workplace violence. However, previous studies rarely report psychological abuse among nursing staff, while the relationships between personal factors and workplace violence remain unclear. Design. This is a cross-sectional study. Methods. Participants were invited to complete the Workplace Violence Questionnaire, an instrument designed to assess types of workplace violence (physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing and sexual harassment), the characteristics of perpetrators and victims and victims' reactions to their abuse. Results. A total of 521 nurses completed the questionnaire. Of the participants, 102 (19·6%) indicated that they had experienced physical violence, 268 (51·4%) had experienced verbal abuse, 155 (29·8%) had experienced bullying/mobbing and 67 (12·9%) had experienced sexual harassment. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that age under 30 years (odds ratio = 2·4; 95% confidence interval = 1·34-4·46) and anxiety (odds ratio = 4·7; 95% confidence interval = 1·24-18·12) increased the odds of verbal abuse, while bullying was associated with anxiety (odds ratio = 2·7, 95% confidence interval = 1·09-6·93). Night work shift increased the odds of experiencing sexual harassment (odds ratio = 2·3, 95% confidence interval = 1·29-4·16), while physical violence was associated with bachelor's degree (odds ratio = 2·8, 95% confidence interval = 1·20-6·73). The most serious psychological harm was post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions. Exposure to psychological violence often has a great impact on clinical nurses. Relevance to clinical practice. For violence prevention, interventions should be sensitive to personal factors. Healthcare institutions should initiate counselling programs to help nurses cope with the stress related to workplace violence. Language: en

Risk factors for workplace violence in clinical registered nurses in Taiwan.

The consequences of violence against nurses working in the emergency department: A qualitative study.

Aim. To explore catalysts to, and circumstances surrounding, patient-to-worker violent incidents recorded by employees in a hospital system database. Background. Violence by patients towards health ...

/pdf/understanding-patient-to-worker-violence-in-hospitals-a-548n91i1lt.pdf

Understanding patient‐to‐worker violence in hospitals: a qualitative analysis of documented incident reports

Workplace violence directed at nurses is an alarming phenomenon across the world. To intervene and manage these episodes as quickly as possible, nurses need to identify those factors that can alert them to the possibility that a violent event may occur. However, frameworks to help nurses predict episodes of workplace violence are limited. This article presents the findings of a study of nurses experience of workplace violence and identifies those factors and behaviours that nurses reported as indicating that an episode of workplace violence is likely to occur. A case study approach was used involving quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred and thirteen questionnaires were completed and 20 interviews were conducted in 2006. Nurses identified nine behaviours and factors that assist them to predict workplace violence. The first five factors comprising staring, tone of voice, anxiety, mumbling and pacing (STAMP) matched those identified in a previous study. However, the last four factors, comprising emotions, disease process, assertive/non-assertive behaviour and resources (EDAR) expand upon that study. Therefore, the acronym STAMPEDAR was used to classify the nine components. Being alert to these behaviours and factors may help nurses predict that an episode of workplace violence is likely to occur.

Predicting patient aggression against nurses in all hospital areas.

The consequences of workplace violence (WPV) are far-reaching, and impact on the nurse, the perpetrator and the organization. However, the authors were unable to identify any research in the literature on nurses' perceptions of the consequences of WPV in non-teaching hospital settings. This study therefore aimed to examine nurses' perspectives of the consequences of WPV, to identify ways to reduce the impact of these incidents. A descriptive, exploratory approach was adopted to collect qualitative survey and interview data from nurses working in several areas of one West Australian non-teaching hospital in 2006. Three themes emerged from the data: nurse, perpetrator and organizational consequences. The sub-themes included nurses accepting that WPV is part of their job; physical and emotional effects; not feeling competent; avoiding patients; organizational costs of WPV; adverse effects of restraint; and disruption to patient care. Participants experienced several negative consequences as a result of WPV. Recommendations for improving the safety of hospitals for staff and patients are made in light of the findings.

/pdf/consequences-of-workplace-violence-directed-at-nurses-2bb4schkd1.pdf

Consequences of workplace violence directed at nurses

An epidemic of abuse and violence: Nurse on the front line

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Predicting patient aggression against nurses in all hospital areas.

Consequences of workplace violence directed at nurses

An epidemic of abuse and violence: Nurse on the front line